Chii chinonzi haikus?

Pfupi zvinyorwa mukaha unogara uchikura unotanga kugadzirwa muzvisaririra zvevaverengi uye vanyori vatsva nekuda kwenzvimbo yeInternet inotibvumidza kununura ese madiki-ngano, mavhesi uye nhetembo kumutsa mufananidzo, kunzwa kana chikonzero chakapusa chekutiza.

Imwe yemienzaniso yakanakisa yefivha iyi kune iyo micro uye kuti zvirokwazvo vazhinji venyu muchatoziva, ndiyo haiku (俳 句), inozivikanwawo sehaiku, mhando ye nhetembo yekare yechiJapan kazhinji yakavakirwa pa kuumbwa kwemavara matatu e5, 7 ne5 syllables, Western shanduro ye17 bheribheri metric inoshandiswa neyekutanga haiku. Zvimwe zvezvimwe zvinodiwa zvinodikanwa nemhando iyi yemabhuku ekumabvazuva zvinosanganisira iyo inozivikanwa se kigo (語 語), izwi rinoreva nguva yakatarwa yegore kana icho chinangwa chenguva dzose chekuswedera padhuze nemasikirwo.

Kubva muzana ramakore regumi nemanomwe Haiku yakave yakakurumbira senzira yekutaura kwechitendero cheJapan cheZen kuvonga kuna tenzi BashöVazhinji vanyori vakaramba vachichinja mita yepakutanga vamwe vachichinja zvishoma, vachipa haikus ine mareferenzi kune mamwe madingindira uye akaumbwa nemavhesi ane mamwe mazwi.
Matangiro akaita haikus

Kwakatangira haikus kune chekuita nechitendero muChina Chinyakare. Panguva iyoyo yechiBuddha, chiConfucius, uye chiTao, vakave vakakurumbira senzira yekusvika kune vamwe nekufumura pfungwa. Nekudaro, zvaive chaizvo muzana ramakore regumi nematanhatu pavakatanga kuzivikanwa zviri nani nekuda kwaMatsuo Bashoo, mumwe wevamiririri venyaya idzi.

Sezviri pachena, iyo haiku musiyano wevaHikai, ayo ari nhetembo dzendima makumi matatu neshanu, makumi mashanu, kana zana dzakanyorwa muboka, ndiko kuti, pakati pevanhu vakati wandei, nyanduri nyanzvi nevadzidzi vaaive navo. Wekutanga aifanira kunyora mavhesi matatu, 36-50-100 syllables. Aya akanzi Hokku. Zvino yechipiri, aifanirwa kuita mavhesi maviri e3-5 zvichingodaro mamwe ese, achipa fomu rakazara kuHaikai iyo yaiita kunge yakanyorwa neruoko rumwe chete.

Maitiro ekunyora haiku: izvo zvinhu

Kana iwe uchifarira kudzidza maitiro ekuita haikus, chekutanga pane zvese iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha (uye chii chinoratidza) yehaikus. Izvi ndeizvi:

Iyo metric

Haiku inoumbwa nendima nhatu. Yekutanga yemasiraidhi mashanu, yechipiri ye5 uye yechitatu ye7. Pamwechete, panofanira kunge paine syllables gumi nemanomwe. Iyi ndiyo haiku yechinyakare, kunyangwe mazuva ano inobvumidzwa kusiyanisa zvishoma pakati pendima. Zvino, iyo yose ichiri pa17.

Kigo

Kigo iko iko iko kuiswa, mukati meiyo haiku, yemwaka wegore. Hazvireve kuti unofanirwa kutumidza zita mwedzi wauri, kana kana chiri chirimo, chirimo, kudonha kana nguva yechando. Asi chimwe chinhu chinomiririra: chando, moto, mashizha, maruva ...

Zvisikwa

Kune akawanda haikus, uye ese ari akasiyana madingindira, asi iwo echinyakare anoshandisa zvakasikwa sechinhu chakakosha mukusika kwavo. Saka kana iwe uchida kunyora padhuze neiyo "yekutanga" sezvazvinogona, funga nezve zvakasikwa.

Gadzira kunzwa

Haiku haisi yemubatanidzwa wemazwi anokwana zvakanaka uye ndizvozvo. Ivo vanofanirwa kubatanidza muverengi uye kuita kuti vanzwe chimwe chinhu pavanenge vachichiverenga. Ndokusaka zvichinyanyooma kunyora haikus izvo chaizvo zvakanaka, nekuti iwe unofanirwa kusarudza iwo chaiwo mazwi uye nekuvapa iwo manzwiro kuitira kuti vanhu vanzwe kutekenyedzwa navo.

Nyora haikus: kuzviita sei

Iye zvino zvaunoziva izvo zvinhu, inguva yekuzviisa mukuita. Chekutanga pane zvese, usaore moyo kana vekutanga vakasabuda, kana vakaipa, nekuti unofanirwa kuenda kumberi kuti uvandudze. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita.

Verenga haikus

Kana munyori achida kunyora, anofanira kutanga ave nechigadziko, uye izvi zvinoitwa nekuverenga zvinyorwa nemabasa zvinoenderana nechido chake. Izvo zvinoenda kune haikus. Kana iwe uchida kuzvinyora, kutanga iwe unofanirwa kuverenga akawanda kuti uone kukosha kwavo.

Usatya kutya kufurirwa nemunyori. Mune ekutanga izvo zvichaitika, asi zvishoma nezvishoma iwe unotsanangudza hunhu hwako uye ugadzire zvisikwa zviri zvepakutanga zvachose.

Tarisai

Iwe unonzwa sei kana iwe ukaona iyo mvura yemvura ichidonha? Uye iwe unoona rini kubuda kwezuva kana kunyura kwezuva? Dzimwe nguva, zvinhu zvezuva nezuva hazviiti kuti tinzwe chero chinhu, asi zvakadaro tinozviona. Naizvozvo, kufunga nezvekutsvaga iyo manzwiro inotigonesa kunotibatsira kuita haikus.

Semuenzaniso, zuva rine makore rinogona kureva kusuwa kune vamwe, asi kune vamwe mufaro; kutonhora kunogona kureva kuomarara, asiwo kuswedera kune vamwe.

Anotaura chimwe chinhu

Usaedze kutsvaga mavhesi anokodzera kana asina kuverenga. Ndicho chinhu chakaipisisa chaungaite. Unofanira kugadzira nyaya diki kwazvo mumavhesi matatu aya anonakidza uye kuti, pamusoro pezvo, izere nenyaya.

Sarudzo yeakakurumbira haikus

Chekupedzisira, pano tinokusiira mimwe mienzaniso yevakakurumbira haikus kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuzviziva iwe.

Nei zvichidaro

Chii chandiri kuchembera kudonha uku?

Shiri dzinopfuura nemumakore.

Kunyange hutumba

munyika inofamba,

Imba yedhori.

Kupera kwegore.

Nguva dzose yakafanana ngowani

neshangu dzeshangu dzakafanana!

Matsuo Bashō

Mumvura yezhizha

Nzira

Akanyangarika

Yosa buson

Ndakatema davi

uye zvakajekesa zvirinani

Kubudikidza nepahwindo.

Masaoka shiki

Denga rakatsva:

maintenant

Ndiri kuona mwedzi

mizuta masahide

Pasinei nemhute

runako

Gomo fuji

Matsuo Bashō

Mukufunga

kusahadzika chete ndiko kuchapinda

vane kiyi.

Mario Benedetti

Ndiri ndega pamubhedha

Ndinonzwa umhutu

Kuridza rwiyo runosuruvarisa

Vana vari kuuya -

vanondibvisa pamubhedha

uye makore anopfuura.

Zvebasa rangu

Mudhishi

Rwiyo rweguguisu

Ndakashanyira guva rake kuKiso.

Kuvhura musuwo kwaizoratidza Buddha

Ruva bud

Vanonongedza neruoko rwavo -

Vana pachigunwe

mwedzi wavanoyemura.

Hawaii Chigetsu

Mumvura

itya kuratidzwa kwake

chipenga.

Sinou mangwanani.

Kwese kwese

tsoka dzembambo.

Zhizha.

Kuburikidza nemakore

pane nzira pfupi yekuenda kumwedzi.

Hapana kana shizha rimwe chete

Kunyange mwedzi haurari

Mune uyu willow

Den Sute-jo

Kumhanya mabhiza

Vanonzwa hwema hwavo

Pefiyumu yezvipenga

Rosa

Tambo yedanda rehove

Mwedzi muzhizha

Chando

kuratidzwa kwangu kwakachenuruka

mumvura.

Zvese zvatinounganidza

pamhenderekedzo yegungwa pamhepo yakaderera-

inofamba

Hapana mwana anosvika padhuze

Mapepa madziro

Ivo vari kutonhora

Mubani uye makomo

Zvese zvinoita kunge zvisingafambi

Mangwanani echando

Kana vakavhara mangwanani

iyo bluebells iri kubuda.

Imhaka yekuvengwa kwevanhu!

Mumvura yematsutso

Zvese

Ivo vakanyanya kunaka

Bazi riri kutumbuka remuti plamu

anopa zvinonhuwira

kune anocheka.

Kubva pa violet yemakore

Kune yepepuru ye irises

Pfungwa dzangu dzakanangiswa.

Fireflies. Fireflies!

Parwizi

rima rinopfuura.

Kazhinji

Hototogisu, hototogisu!

uye kwayedza.

Kutarisa mwedzi

Ndinosiya hupenyu uhu

Nechikomborero

Mvura inopenya

Mhezi dzinobuda

Hapana chiripo

Chiyo-Ni

Kusurukirwa.

Makore ari pamusoro pegomo

Uye mhashu inosvetuka mumupata.

Huyemaruko Shizuku

Kutema mashanga

Pasi penyeredzi dzakaoma

Scythe yangu inorova guva

Hiramatsu Yoshiko

Zviuru zvidiki hove chena

Sokunge yakabikwa

Ruvara rwemvura

Konishi raizan

Unozengurira, rosebush.

Haudi kuenda here

Kubva pambeu?

Carmelo Ursus

Mwedzi mudiki,

rangarira rudo irworwo nhasi

iri kupfuura.

Freddy nanez

Usiku hwekupedzisira ndakavhara
vana vangu vakarara
uye kutinhira kwegungwa.

Watanabe Hakusen

Dova rinotiza.
Munyika ino yakasviba
Hapana chandinoita.

Kobayashi issa

Kwakaipisisa kwemaungira
ndeyekuti inotaura zvakafanana
hutsinye.

Mario Benedetti

Kure trill.
Nightingale haizive
zvinokunyaradza.

Jorge Luis Borges

Yakagadzirwa nemhepo
pakati pemapaini nematombo
nhetembo yacho inomera.

Octavio Zuva

Scarecrow
anotarisa semunhu
kana kuchinaya.

Natsume Seibi

Achienda kuburikidza nemucheka wake
mwedzi uno wakajeka
mhungu yakamuka.

Jose Juan Tablada

Chinguva chidiki
lags pamusoro pemaruva
kupenya kwemwedzi

Kwese kwese
maruva anomhanya
pamusoro pemvura yegungwa

Mhepo yakajeka
kudedera
wisteria mumvuri

Iyo chena chrysanthemum
ziso harigoni kuwana
kusachena kushoma

Kune hwema hweplum
zuva rinobuda
panzira yemakomo

Chitubu, naBashö

Manheru apfuura mvura
yakafukidzwa mangwanani ano
nemarara.

Io Sogi

Autumn iri pano:
mvura yakadzikama
suka mazambiringa.

Cesar Sanchez

Iwe unotsunga kugovera yako wega kana yaunofarira haikus?