Madimikira echiSpanish
ChiCastilian - icho chiri mukushandiswa kwazvino chave izwi rakafanana nerekuti "Spanish" - mutauro une vatauri vanopfuura mamirioni mazana mashanu vakaparadzirwa pasi rose, uri wechipiri rurimi rwaamai uye wechitatu maererano nehuwandu hwevatauri veko. Munhoroondo yaro yese yakagadzira hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana hwemataurirwo nemataurirwo, zvichiratidza akasiyana enhoroondo, enzvimbo uye tsika mamiriro ayo anoshandiswa.
Munyaya ino Chinangwa ndechekugadzirisa muchidimbu nhoroondo uye shanduko yemitauro yakasiyana-siyana yeSpanish, kubva kumidzi yayo kusvika kumamiriro ayo azvino. Saizvozvowo, inoda kuratidza kukosha kwayo mukuzivikanwa kwetsika dzenharaunda dzinotaura chiSpanish uye kukura kuri pachena kwesimba rayo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, uko maartist akachishandura kuita chinenge chiitiko chenhau.
Kutariswa kwenhoroondo kwekwakabva kweSpanish
The Castilian Yakatanga seshanduko yeVulgar Latin inotaurwa mudunhu reCastile, kuchamhembe kweIberian Peninsula, mumazana emakore okutanga eMiddle Ages. Nekudonha kweHumambo hweRoma muzana ramakore rechishanu, Vulgar Latin yakatanga kupatsanuka kuita marudzi akasiyana ematunhu, zvichipa iyo inonzi mitauro yeRomance, kusanganisira Castilian, Catalan neGalician.
Humambo hweCastile hwakaita basa guru mukubatana kwemitauro yeSpain panguva yeReconquista, chiitiko chakaitika pakati pezana ramakore rechisere nerechi15, apo mauto echiKristu akawedzera nharaunda dzawo kumaodzanyemba. Sezvo Reconquista yakafambira mberi, chiCastilian chakatora mitauro kubva mumitauro yeMozarabic neArabic. kunotaurwa munzvimbo dzakakundwa.
Somuenzaniso, mazwi mazhinji MaArab—akadai sepiro, maorivhi, uye meya—akabatanidzwa mumashoko echiSpanish., uye kushandiswa kwayo kwakajairika nhasi. Kuchinja kwakauya muna 1492 nezviitiko zvitatu zvakakosha: kubudiswa kwe Grammar yemutauro wechiSpanish naAntonio de Nebrija - girama yekutanga yemutauro wemazuva ano weEurope -, kudzingwa kwemaArabu kubva kuIberian Peninsula uye kutanga kwekukoloni kweAmerica.
Diversification yeSpanish: kubuda kwemitauro
Kubatana mune zvematongerwo enyika uye kuwedzera kwemambo kwakavimbisa kupararira kweCastilian mhiri kweIberian Peninsula. Panguva imwe, kuwedzera kwemutauro munzvimbo dzakakura, muEurope uye muAmerica, Africa neAsia, zvakaita kuti pave nemitauro yakawanda. Izvi zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: veEurope neAmerica (kunyangwe mukati meimwe neimwe niche mune yakakura kusiyana).
1. Madimikira echiSpanish muSpain
MuSpain, Spanish yakagara nemimwe mitauro yeRomance seGalician neCatalan, zvakare nePaleo-European Basque. - kana Basque -, iyo, zvakare, yakapesvedzera kushanduka kwayo. Madimikira epeninsular Spanish anosanganisira zvinotevera mutsauko.
Northern Castilian
Inotaurwa mu kuchamhembe kweSpain. Inoonekwa sehwaro hwechiSpanish chakajairwa. Inoratidzwa nekushandiswa kwakasimba kwekusiyanisa pakati pe / s/ uye / z/ -sekuvhima uye kumba - uye apicoalveolar pronunciation ye /s/.
Andalusian
Yakabva kumaodzanyemba kweSpain, Iyi diale ine yakasarudzika maficha akadai seshuviro kana kubviswa kwekupedzisira /s/. Semuenzaniso: izwi rekuti "mbiri" rinova "ita." Zvakare kazhinji ndiko kushandiswa kwe lisp kana seseo uye mataurirwo akasununguka akapesvedzera American Spanish.
Canary
Inotaurwa muCanary Islands, Uyu musiyano unoratidza pesvedzero yeAndalusian Spanish uye zvinhu zvechiPutukezi. Seseo ndiyo inonyanya kutonga, uye lexicon inosanganisira mazwi eGuanche, mutauro wezvitsuwa.
2. Madimikira echiSpanish muAmerica
Kuumbwa kweAmerica kwakaratidza kutanga kwekusiyana kweSpanish mukondinendi. Pakusvika muNyika Itsva, makoloni akauya nemhando dzakasiyana dzeCastilian, kunyanya Andalusian neExtremaduran. Kwemazana emakore, marudzi aya akasanganiswa nemitauro yemuno neyemuAfrica, zvichiita kuti pave nemadimikira anozivikanwa nhasi. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi:
Caribbean
Inowanikwa munyika dzakadai seCuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela uye mhenderekedzo yeCaribbean yeColombia. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekushuvira kana kubviswa kwekupedzisira / s/ uye kusarerekera kwemakonzonendi emvura / r/ uye / l/ - semuenzaniso, kana izwi rekuti "puerta" rinoshandurwa kuita "puelta" -. Saizvozvo, mutinhimira wenziyo unoratidza maitiro eAfrica unoonekwa.
River Plate
Inotaurwa muArgentina, Uruguay uye zvikamu zveParaguay, ndimi iyi inosiyaniswa nekushandiswa kwevoseo. Muenzaniso weizvi ndiko kushandiswa kwezwi rokuti "unazvo" pane kuti "unazvo." Chimwe chezvakasiyana nazvo inzira iyo vatauri vayo vanoti /ll/ uye /y/, vachishandura ruzha rwavo kuita rudzi rwe /sh/.
Mexican kana Central America
Yakanyanya muMexico neCentral America, Mutsara uyu unozivikanwa nekujeka kwawo mumatauriro uye simba rayo guru remitauro yeko seNahuatl, Mayan neQuechua. Mazwi mazhinji emavambo akadai, sechokoreti, matomatisi uye cocoa, chikamu chepasi rose chiSpanish chekutenda kudunhu rino.
Andean
Inotaurwa munyika dzakadai sePeru, Bolivia, Ecuador uye zvikamu zveColombia. Musiyano uyu unoratidza simba rakasimba remitauro yeQuechua neAymara, muduramanzwi nemanzwi.
Chilean
Inoratidzwa nemataurirwo akasarudzika umo makonzonendi ekupedzisira anoita kupfava kana kunyangarika. Muenzaniso wakakwana wekutsanangura musiyano uyu unoratidzwa muchiito che "estar", icho, muChile, chinodaidzwa kuti "etá". Mutauro uyu unosiyaniswa zvakare nedimikira remunharaunda rakapfuma mudimikira uye matauriro anokurumidza kwazvo.
Zvinhu zvakakonzera shanduko yemutauro weSpanish
Pesvedzero yemitauro yomunzvimbomo
MuAmerica, kusangana nemitauro yeko seNahuatl, Guaraní neMapuche vakapfumisa chiSpanish nemashoko uye matauriro akajairika etsika idzi.
Geographic kuparadzaniswa
Nhambwe dziri pakati penharaunda dzinotaura chiSpanish yakafarira kuumbwa kwemaitiro akasiyana enzvimbo, kunyanya kana pesvedzero yeavo vaive vamiriri vayo uye mamwe mapoka echivanhu anogara mudunhu rega rega akatariswa.
Zvemagariro evanhu
Kuenda kune dzimwe nyika, kutengeserana, uye nhoroondo dzakaita sekusununguka kwenyika dzeAmerica dzakaumbawo matauriro aripo, pamwe chete neaya achauya. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mutauro chivakwa chekugarisana, chinhu chipenyu chinoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva, uye zvinoenderana nevatauri vayo.
Spanish munyika yemazuva ano: kudyidzana kwepasi rose uye kumira
Munguva yemazuva ano, Nhepfenyuro, dzidzo uye kudyidzana kwepasirese zvakafarira kusimudzira kwakakura kweSpanish. Iyo Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) uye academies enyika imwe neimwe akashanda kubatanidza mitemo yegirama uye zviperengo, ichivimbisa kupindirana pakati pevatauri.
Zvisinei, Madimikira ematunhu nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoramba zviri chikamu chakakosha chekuzivikanwa kwetsika. Mumhanzi, firimu nemabhuku, mataurirwo emunharaunda uye mataurirwo anopfumisa chiSpanish chepasi rose, zvichiratidza kuti kusiyana isimba. Saizvozvo, masocial network akaunza ruzivo rutsva patafura, zvichiwedzera kufarira mutauro.
Mutauro mumwe, manzwi akawanda
Nhoroondo uye shanduko yemitauro yeSpanish inoratidza kuti mutauro unogona sei kuchinjika uye kubudirira mutsika dzakasiyana uye nharaunda. Mutauro wega wega uchapupu hwenhoroondo uye tsika nemagariro yenharaunda dzinotaura, izvo zvinoita kuti imwe neimwe ishande.
Kupfuura chipingamupinyi, kusiyana kwemutauro weSpanish ihwindo rekuwanda kwezviitiko zvevanhu., chiyeuchidzo chokuti mutauro chiratidzo chipenyu cheavo vanoushandisa. Kupemberera kusiyana uku kwakakosha kuti unzwisise uye nekutenda ukuru hwechokwadi hweSpanish semutauro wepasi rose.