Iyo Mozarabic jarchas ndeimwe yekare uye inonakidza yekunyora pfuma yeIberian Peninsula. Ivo, hapana chimwe uye hapana chidiki, kunze kwemapfupi enziyo akanyorwa mumusanganiswa werudo rweSpanish neArabic. Naizvozvo, iwo ufakazi hwakasiyana hwehupfumi hwetsika hwakabuda kubva mukugarisana pakati pechiKirisitu, chiMuslim netsika dzechiJudha mukati meMiddle Ages muSpain.
Aya matombo madiki emanzwiro uye manzwiro anonyanya kukosha nekuti anoumba ratidziro yekare inozivikanwa yerudo rwenziyo, nhanganyaya yetsika dzakapfuma dzechiSpanish. Kuburikidza nemitsetse mipfupi iyi Tichaongorora maitiro, madingindira anodzokororwa uye kukosha kwenhoroondo uye tsika dzejarchas, ichiratidza basa rayo sezambuko pakati petsika dzakasiyana.
Mavambo eMozarabic jarchas
Zvirongo zvekutanga Vanoita sevanotangira muzana ramakore rechi 11, vachiumba chikamu che moaxajas, rudzi rwenhetembo rwechiAndalusian rwechiArab rwakabudirira muAl-Andalus.. Iwo ainyanya kunyorwa nemutauro wechiArab, uye aive akaumbwa enziyo aipedzisa nechidimbu chipfupi mumutauro weRomance kana kuti Mozarabic dialect.
Kwenguva yakareba, jarchas yakaramba isingazivikanwi kunyika yemazuva ano. Izvi zvakachinja pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, apo nyanzvi dzefilosofi nenyanzvi dzokumabvazuva dzakadai saSamuel Miklos Stern dzakavamba kuvaziva mumanyoro ekare.
Kuwanikwa kwemajarchas kwakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yezvinyorwa. Izvi, saka, hazvina kungoburitsa kuvepo kwekutanga kwerimbo murudo rweSpanish, asi zvakare zvakaratidza kugarisana kwemitauro uye tsika kwairatidzira Al-Andalus.
Zvirongo Ivo, chaizvoizvo, inzwi revanhu avo, kunyange zvazvo vairarama pasi poutongi hweMuslim, yakachengeta mavambo ayo omutauro netsika ari mupenyu. Izvi, panguva imwecheteyo, zvinosiya humbowo hwekuti dzimwe nharaunda dzinogona kusimba sei, dzichichengeta nekufamba kwenguva nzira yavo yekuona nekunzwa nyika, iyo yavanoburitsa muzvitendero zvavo, ngano nehunyanzvi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu epaMozarabic jarchas
Zvirongo Vane chimiro chiri nyore asi chizere nekutaura. Kupfupika kwadzo, kazhinji kacho mavhesi maviri kusvika mana, anoaita kuti ave ane simba uye akananga. Kunyangwe akanyorwa nemutauro we aljamía - kureva kushandisa mabhii echiArabic kana echiHeberu kunyora mazwi echiRomance - zvinyorwa zvawo zvinogoneka zvakanyanya nekuda kwepasi rose. Pakati pezvinhu zvayo zvikuru ndezvi:
Mutauro nemamita
Kunyangwe vachishandisa mutauro weMozarabic, jarchas iripo zvinhu zverudo rwekutanga izvo zvaizoshanduka kuita chiSpanish chemazuva ano. Meta yaro kazhinji haina kurongeka, ichichinjika kune yemanzwiro toni pane maitiro akaomarara.
kutaura kuri nyore
Panguva imwecheteyo, jarchas anotanhamara nokuda kwokuzvimirira uye mutauro uri nyore, kuratidza manzwiro evanhu pasi rose akadai sorudo, chishuvo kana kuti kurwadziwa.
Kusanzwisisana
Sechikamu chekupedzisira che moaxajas, jarchas kazhinji ane hunhu hwekubatanidza, kushanda semaungira emanzwiro kana kuti pfupiso yemadingindira akakudziridzwa muchikamu chedetembo.
Themes, manhamba uye anodzokororwa motifs mune jarchas
Dingindira repakati rejarchas rudo, kazhinji kubva pamaonero echikadzi. Munziyo idzi, izwi renziyo rinowanzova remukadzi anoratidza manzwiro ake erudo, chishuwo, kushungurudzika kana kurasikirwa. Iyi nzira yakasarudzika mumabhuku ekare, inodzorwa nemanzwi echirume.
Kuchema kworudo
Jarchas anowanzo ratidza kusavapo kana chinhambwe chemudiwa. Vakadzi vanodemba kuparadzana kwavo, kurwadziwa kwavo nekusadzorerwa kana kutya kwavo kusiiwa. Mimwe mienzaniso yeizvi ndeiyi inotevera:
Jarcha waJosefa al-Kātib
Rudo rwakawanda, rudo rwakanyanya,
habib, rudo rwakanyanya!
Enfermiron welios nidios
uye zvinorwadza zvakanyanya.
Dudziro:
Kubva kune rudo rwakanyanya, kubva kune rudo rwakanyanya,
kudiwa, kubva pakuda zvakanyanya!
Maziso aimbove neutano akarwara
uye zvino vakuvadzwa zvikuru.
Jarcha weJudha Harevi
Báayse méw quorażón de mib.
Ya Rabhi, kana mukandidzosa?
Zvakandirwadza zvakanyanya li-l-habīb!
Sick yéd: kuánd šanarád?
Dudziro:
Mwoyo wangu unondisiya.
Haiwa ishe, handizivi kana zvichadzokera kwandiri!
Ndakarwadziwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwewandinoda!
Ari kurwara, achapora rinhi?
Kukosha kwekuchengeta zvakavanzika naamai vako kana shamwari
Mune akati wandei jarchas, protagonist anotaura naamai vake kana shamwari kugoverana kusuwa kwavo kwerudo, chitubu chinosimbisa hukama hwepedyo uye manzwiro enhetembo.
Chido uye chido
Pasinei nekupfupika kwayo, jarchas inokwanisa kuendesa chishuwo nekukatyamadza kwekupokana kwemanzwiro, tichishandisa madimikira ari nyore asi anoshanda.
Cultural impact yejarchas
Iyo jarchas haina kukosha chete sezvidimbu zvezvinyorwa, asiwo Iwo chapupu chekudyidzana kwakaoma kwetsika kweAl-Andalus. Munguva iyi, Iberian Peninsula yaiva mifananidzo yezvitendero nemitauro yakagara pamwe chete, ichikurudzirana. Ma<em>jarchas anoratidza kugarisana uku, achibatanidza zvinhu zvechiArabic nechiHebheru nemutauro weRomance, nokudaro achitarisira kusiyana-siyana kwaizotsanangura tsika dzechiSpanish mumazana emakore aizotevera.
Uyezve, zvirongo Vanomiririra imwe yekutanga yakanyorwa kuratidzwa kwenhetembo dzakakurumbira dzeHispanic., zambuko pakati pemagamuchidzanwa anotaurwa uye ekunyora. Nziyo idzi dzinoratidza kuti sei nhetembo dzakakurumbira Yakapesvedzera mamwe marudzi akaomesesa, maitiro ayo aizodzokororwa mukushanduka kwezvinyorwa zvechiSpanish, kubva pamisimboti yeKisimusi kuenda kumaviri aJorge Manrique.
Pesvedzero yejarchas pamabhuku akazotevera
Kukanganisa kwemajasi Inogona kuteverwa mumutauro wechiSpanish, kunyanya mumitambo yeKisimusi uye nziyo dzakakurumbira dzeRenaissance.. The jarchas 'kureruka, manzwiro, uye kutarisa pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvepasi rose zvakapesvedzerwa gare gare lyric nhetembo, zvichibatsira kuumba tsika inoratidzirwa nekugona kuburitsa manzwiro akadzama nemutauro unowanikwa.
Uyewo, Iyo jarchas inopa kumashure kuvakadzi rudo mabhuku, iyo yaizova nomukurumbira mukuru munguva dzaizotevera. Kunyangwe panguva iyo ivo vasina kunambwa sezvimedu zvezvinyorwa zvega, kudzokororwa kwavo kwaita kuti zvikwanise kuita kuti zvioneke tsika umo manzwiro nemanzwi kubva kunzvimbo inosimbisa basa revakadzi sevagadziri vanogona kuwana simba.
Kukosha kwekudzidza kwejarchas
The Mozarabic jarchas Ivo inhetembo yenhaka yekukosha kukuru kune Iberian Peninsula, hwindo rekunzwa uye manzwiro enguva inoratidzirwa nekudyidzana kwetsika nemitauro. Kunyangwe zvidiki pakureba, zvinyorwa izvi zvakakura munhoroondo nerevo yezvinyorwa. Zvinosanganisira kubatana pakati petsika, kuratidzwa kwemanzwiro epasi rose uye utachiona hwetsika yenhetembo inotsungirira kusvika nhasi.
Kudzidza uye kuongororwa kwejarchas inotibvumira kunzwisisa zviri nani zvekare, asiwo kufungisisa nezvehupfumi hunobva mukusiyana uye kugarisana. Mavari izwi reSpain yekare rinonzwika, uko miganhu yetsika inoderedzwa mukufarira kusikwa uye nekugovana kutaura kwevanhu.