Ngano dzakaiswa mune ramangwana, kazhinji dzichitaura nezve dystopian chaiyo iyo yakafungidzira hunyanzvi netsamba kwemakumi emakore, yakagara iri imwe yemhando dzakarumbidzwa kwazvo nevaverengi. Uchapupu hweizvi ndeizvi akanakisa emangwana mabhuku izvo zvakatungamira vanopfuura mumwe kushamisika kana Nyika, sekuiziva kwedu nhasi, iri munzira yakanakisa.
Iyo Nguva Muchina, naHG Wells
Makore mazhinji zvisati zvaitika Orson Welles anodyara kutya muAmerica nekutepfenyura redhiyo kurekodha yakayambira nezvekuuya kwevatorwa kubva munganonyorwa naHG Wells Hondo Yenyika, mumwe wevanyori vaiona kwazvo vezera rake akatanga Iyo nguva Muchina, basa repamberi resainzi mabhuku engano. Rakaburitswa muna 1895, basa rakashanda kugadzira mari yezwi «nguva Machine»Naiye protagonist, musayendisiti wezana ramakore rechi802.701, akafamba kusvika mugore XNUMX kuti awane huvepo hwevanhu vanonzi Eloi vasina tsika kana njere. A classic.
Nyika Itsva Yakashinga, naAldous Huxley
Haiwa chishamiso chakadii!
Kune zvisikwa zvakawanda zvakanaka pano!
Hunhu hwakanaka sei! Ah nyika inofara
kunogara vanhu vakadaro.
Aya mazwi akataurwa nehunhu hwaMiranda mumutambo Dutu, naWilliam Shakespeare, yaizova kurudziro yakakwana yaHuxley paainyora Nyika inofara, rake rakakura basa uye imwe yeiyo akanakisa emangwana mabhuku. Rakadhindwa muna 1932, iyo nyaya inotitora isu kuenda kune yevatengi nzanga inotsigirwa ne hypnopedia, kana kugona kudzidza kuburikidza nezviroto inoshandiswa kuvanhu vakasimwa mumufananidzo uye kufanana kwetambo yegungano. Nyika "inofara" yakawanikwa nekuda kwekudzvinyirirwa kwetsika, kudyidzana kwenyika kana pfungwa ye "mhuri" pasi rose sekuziva kwedu nhasi. Kuzarurirwa (kunotyisa).
Ini, robhoti, naIsaac Asimov
- Kutanga mutemo wemarobhoti: Robhoti haigoni kukuvadza munhu kana, nekusaita, kubvumira munhu kukuvadzwa.
- Mutemo wechipiri: Robhoti inofanirwa kuteerera mirairo yakapihwa nevanhu, kunze kwekunge izvi zvichipesana nemutemo wekutanga.
- Mutemo wechitatu: Robhoti rinofanirwa kuchengetedza kuzvibata kwaro, chero izvi zvisingatadzise kutevedzera mutemo wekutanga newechipiri.
Iyi mitemo mitatu yakashanda sehwaro hwe Nheyo Trilogy, seti yemabhuku uye nyaya dzakazova Asimov muoni panguva, kuma30, apo sainzi yakanga ichitanga kusimuka. Pakati penyaya dzese dzakasanganisirwa, Yo robhoti ndiye anogona kunge ari mukurumbira pane vese, anomiririra mune imwe nzira inorondedzera kukakavara kwakaburitswa na robhoti yakagamuchirwa semubatsiri mukuru wenzanga mune ramangwana kwete kure kure.
1984, naGeorge Orwell
La Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri zvakakurudzira rutendo muvanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti vanhu vanogona kuve vavengi vavo voshandisa hutongi hwehusimbe kuparadza rusununguko rwevanhu. Nekudaro, muna 1949, kuvhurwa kwebhuku raOrwell kwakagamuchirwa nevaverengi vakawana mune rayo peji zaruriro yakanga yaziviswa kwenguva yakareba. Gara muLondon yeiyo dystopi gore ra1984, iyo novel inoratidza yakakurumbira sosi yeiyo Mukoma, mubatsiri mukuru weMapurisa Anofunga kana zvasvika pakudzora nzanga uko kufunga kana kuzvitaurira nenzira yakasiyana neyakagadzwa zvakarambidzwa zvachose. Makore mushure megore ra1984, nzanga haisati yakundwa nedoropopi panorama, asi kutonga kunoitwa nehunyanzvi hutsva kana hudzvanyiriri huripo hunosimbisa kuti, pamwe, isu hatisi kure zvakadaro.
Ungada here kuverenga 1984naGeorge Orwell?
Fahrenheit 451, naRay Bradbury
Inofungidzirwa pamwechete neyekare 1984 uye Brave Nyika Itsva se "utatu" hwe zvinyorwa zveDystopi zvenguva yedu, Fahrenheit 451 inova inongedzo yakanangana nemabhuku, hunyanzvi uhwo mune ramangwana hunopa njodzi kuvanhu, sezvo uchivaita kuti vafunge zvakanyanya uye vatange kubvunza mibvunzo. Nekudaro protagonist, muridzi wemoto anonzi Guy Montag, akapiwa basa rekufungidzira rekutsva mabhuku. Iro zita renoverengeka, iro rinoreva kudziya pachiyero cheFahrenheit apo mabhuku anotanga kupisa (iyo yakaenzana ne232,8 º C), inotora yakanangana nekufemerwa kweimwe yekukurudzira kukuru kwaBradbury, Edgar Allan Poe, kuti atitaurire nyaya inotyisa sezvo ine simba yakashandurwa kuenda kumabhaisikopo muna 1966 nemuoni François Truffaut.
Mugwagwa, naCormac McCarthy
Zana ramakumi maviri nemasere rave nguva yakanaka yeiyo dystopian uye neramangwana novel, ichichinja iyo genre kuva yakanakisa yetsika injini kana zvasvika pakuratidzira. Muenzaniso wakanaka Mugwagwa, imwe ye akanakisa eanovhero eAmerica emakore makumi maviri apfuura zvakare yakaratidza kubudirira kwayo kwekutengesa kana iyo Pulitzer naJames Tait Nhema Chirangaridzo Mipiro McCarthy akagamuchira mwedzi mishoma mushure mekuburitswa kwebhuku muna 2006. Gara mune ramangwana Nyika rakaparadzwa nenjodzi isina kutaurwa mubhuku, mutambo unotevera mutsoka dzababa nemwanakomana kuburikidza nenyika yeguruva, kusurukirwa uye, pamberi pezvose, nzara , iyo honzeri huru inotungamira ivo protagonists kutarisana nevevanhu vadyi venyika iri kufa.
Iyo Nzara Mitambo, naSuzanne Collins
Mune ramangwana nyika yePanem, iyo Capitol inotonga matunhu gumi nemaviri ane hurombo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei mutungamiri anonyangadza Snow gore rega rega achitsvaga mukomana kubva kudunhu rega-rega kunokwikwidza mumakwikwi eterevhizheni anonzi Iyo Nzara Mitambo, uko basa iri rinosanganisira kubvisa vese vanopikisa kusvikira wave mukundi. Tsika inopikiswa mushure mekuuya kwe Kat ndiss ever deen, protagonist yezvikamu zvitatu zvakaburitswa muna 2008, 2009 na2010, zvichitungamira kune inozivikanwa Saga yemufirimu inotarisana naJennifer Lawrence. Imwe yenyaya dzakabudirira kwazvo dzedyopopi yenhau dzevechidiki venguva dzichangopfuura uye sosi yekurudziro yemamwe akawanda akafanana mabasa senge Divergent kana Iyo Maze Runner, rakabudiswa mumakore akazotevera.
Ndeapi, ako, ari akanyanya ramangwana mabhuku munhoroondo?