Chii chinonzi ode
Ode imhando yenhetembo inotaridzwa nenzwi rayo yakakwirira uye maumbirwo akakwenenzverwa, anoitirwa kukwidziridza kana kufungisisa pane rimwe dingindira kana chidzidzo. Nhoroondo, odes yakashandiswa senzira yekuratidza kuyemura, kutenda kana kukudza vanhu, zviitiko, zvinhu kana pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki, uye vakawana nzvimbo mutsika dzakakurumbira.
Iri fomu rekunyora rine tsika yakapfuma inotangira kuAntiquity. Nekufamba kwenguva, uye semamwe marudzi ese ehunyanzvi, Yakashanduka, ichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana uye zvinangwa. Kuburikidza nemitsetse iyi, isu tichagadzirisa kwainotangira, maitiro, kuita mutsika yeSpanishi uye kukosha munguva yazvino.
Origins of the ode
Izwi rekuti "ode" rinobva muchiGiriki "ᾠδή" - "oidē" - zvinoreva "rwiyo." Kune rumwe rutivi, odes okutanga akagadzirwa muGirisi yekare uye akanga akabatana zvikuru nenziyo uye kutamba. Pakati pemapiyona emhando, zvinokwanisika kuwana vanyori vakadai saPindar naSappho. Iyo Pindaric odes, kunyanya, yakagadzirirwa kuimbwa nemimhanzi inoperekedza.
Zvidimbu izvi zvakashandiswa kupemberera vakundi veMitambo yeOlympic nezvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha zvevakuru. Semuyenzaniso, Mutsika dzechiGiriki, ode yaiwanzokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: stanza, antistrophe, uye epode. Kutsemuka kwacho kwaienderana nekufamba kwaiita makwaya panguva yemitambo.
Kushandisa nzira iyi kwakawedzera chimiro chemuviri uye chetiari kunhetembo. Gare gare, VaRoma vakatora chimiro chenziyo ichi ndokuchichinja kuti chienderane nemanyorero avo, Horacio ari mumwe wevanyori vakatanhamara mundima iyi.
Hunhu hunokosha hweode
Kunyangwe chimiro uye chimiro cheodes chakasiyana nekufamba kwenguva uye mutsika dzakasiyana, Pane mamwe maitiro akajairwa anowanzo kuwanikwa mune ese:
inzwi rakasimudzwa
The odes Vanowanzo kuve nemutauro wakakura uye maonero akadzama kana anotarisisa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vanogaro taura dingindira repamusoro kana kupemberera zvinhu zvakafanira kuyemurwa, senge hushingi, hungwaru kana hukuru hwehunhu.
chimiro chepamutemo
Mazhinji echinyakare odes ane maitiro emaitiro, ane kupatsanurwa kwakajeka kuita nhanho dzinowanzo tevera chaiyo mutinhi patani. Zvisinei, Munhetembo dzemazuva ano, chimiro ichi chinogona kunge chakasununguka, chimwe chinhu chine chekuita nemazuva ano, chinhu chisati chave chisina kutsoropodzwa.
Specific topic
Odhi inotarisa pachidzidzo chimwe chete, chinogona kuva munhu, chinhu, nzvimbo, kana pfungwa isinganzwisisiki. Mushure mekusarudza, Munyori anoenderera mberi nekuongorora nyaya iyi kubva mumaonero akasiyana, kazhinji vachishandisa mifananidzo yakajeka uye zvigadziriso zvekutaura.
Kusimudzirwa
Sezvatakataura muzvikamu zvakapfuura, iyo ode inoda kukwidziridza kana kukudza dingindira rayo, iyo inoisiyanisa kubva kune dzimwe mhando dzenhetembo dzinogona kunge dziine nzira yekutsoropodza kana kuti introspective.
Mhando dze ode
Munguva imwe neimwe yenguva yekugadziriswa kwezvakaitika kare, ode yakashandurwa, kuwana maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye maitiro, ayo Vanogona kuiswa mumhando nhatu huru:
Pindaric ode
Yakatumidzwa zita rePindar, rudzi urwu rweode ndiyo iri padyo nemidzi yayo yechiGreek. Iine triadic chimiro chinosanganisira stanza, antistrophe uye epode. Mukuwedzera, Pindarics inowanzoita mhemberero uye inotarisa pamhemberero yezviitiko zvevanhu kana ma heroic manhamba. Mutauro wake wakadzama uye manyorero ake ane hunyanzvi.
Horatian ode
Horace, mudetembi wechiRoma, akagadzira imwe nzira yemunhu pachake uye inotarisisa yeode. Kusiyana nePindaric odes, MaHoratian anowanzogara muchimiro chavo uye haateveri fomu retatu. Nekune rimwe divi, aya madingindira akadai sehushamwari, hunhu uye kufa, uchishandisa inzwi rekufungisisa.
irregular ode
Rudzi urwu rweode rwakagadzirwa mudetembo reChirungu uye Inoratidzwa nekusununguka kwayo kwemaitiro. Vadetembi vemazuva ano, vakadai saJohn Keats naPercy Bysshe Shelley, vakagamuchira musambo uyu kuratidza manzwiro akadzama nemafungiro pasina zvirambidzo zvedzimwe nzira dzechinyakare.
Featured Mienzaniso yeOdes
Nhoroondo ye Literature yakaburitsa akati wandei kuode nevanyori vakuru. Pakati pavo, Vadetembi vazhinji vakashandisa fomu iri kugadzira zvinyorwa zvisingakanganwiki zvechokwadi. Mimwe mienzaniso yeizvi inosanganisira:
"Ode paGreece Urn" naJohn Keats
Chidimbu
III
Oh, matavi anofara ausingagone kuteura
mashizha ako, kana kutaura zvakanaka kuchitubu;
uye muimbi anofara, asinganeti,
uchigara uchiridza nziyo itsva nekusingaperi!
Happiest love! Kufara, rudo runofadza!
Unogara uchidziya uye uchiri kunakidzwa,
ndinogara ndichishuvira uye nekusingaperi mudiki:
kufema kupfuura chido chemunhu,
izvo zvinosiya mwoyo wakasuruvara uye wakaneta,
huma ine fivha uye rurimi rwakaoma.
IV
Ndiani anouya kuchibayiro?
Kune atari yakasvibira, oh muprista asinganzwisisike,
unotakura mhuru iyi uchienda nayo kudenga.
Nemipendero yadzo ine sirika yakashongedzwa nemaruva here?
Nderipi guta diki riri padyo nerwizi kana mahombekombe egungwa,
kana kuvakwa mumakomo, nenhare dzine rugare;
Rasiiwa risina vanhu varo here, mangwanani ano ane tsitsi?
Uye, guta duku, migwagwa yako nokusingaperi
Vachanyarara uye hapana kana mweya mumwe chete ungati
wakasiiwa nei, haatongogoni kudzoka.
Nhetembo iyi inoongorora runako nekusafa kwehunyanzvi kuburikidza nekufungisisa nezveurn yekare.
"Ode kuWest Wind" naPercy Bysshe Shelley
Chidimbu
Ah, mhepo yeWest West, mweya weAutumn,
iwe, une huvepo husingaoneki wakafa hunosiya
Vanofamba sezvipoko zvinotiza muroyi.
mumhomho dzinotyisa, yero, dema,
tsvuku uye kurwara kutsvuka; oh iwe
kuti unotungamira kumubhedha wayo wakasviba wechando
kumhodzi dzine mapapiro, kwadzichatonhora uye dzakaora mwoyo.
mumwe nomumwe wakafanana nechitunha muguva rake;
kusvika hanzvadzi yako yeblue yeChitubu yafuridza
kujeka kwayo pamusoro penyika inorota uye inozadza
(kutakura nhungirwa dzakapfava sezvipfuyo zvinofura mumhepo)
ane mavara akajeka uye anonhuwira ebani nechikomo;
Mweya wemusango, unofamba kwese kwese,
muparadzi nomudziviriri, teererai, imi teererai!
Iwe, murukova rwako, pakati pebope guru rekudenga;
Makore ari oga semashizha akaoma enyika anodonha;
Kudengenyeka kwematavi eDenga neGungwa;
vanozivisa mvura nemheni; vakapararira
nepamusoro pebhuruu yemafungu ako emuchadenga,
sebvudzi rakakwenya rinopenya mumusoro
Yemaenad ane hasha, kubva kumagumo erima
kubva kumusoro kusvika kumusoro wedenga,
kupeta kwedutu riri kuuya; iwe, kuchema
wegore mukurwadziwa, kwavari husiku huno hwekuvhara
Ichava denga reguva guru;
kukudzwa nesimba renyu rose
chemhute, iyo mhepo yakakora ichaputika
mvura yakasviba, moto nechimvuramabwe, teererai!
Munyori anoshandisa mhepo sedimikira rekuvandudza nekushandura simba rechisikwa.
"Ode to Joy" naFriedrich Schiller
Chidimbu
Nhai shamwari, regai nziyo dzinorwadza idzo!
Ngatiimbei dzimwe dzinonakidza uye
azere nomufaro.
Mufaro mufaro!
Mufaro, runako rwevamwari
mwanasikana waErisium!
Takadhakwa neshungu tinopinda,
mwarikadzi wokudenga, munzvimbo yenyu tsvene!
Chiperengo chako chinobatana zvakare
zvakanga zvaparadzaniswa nenyika,
varume vose vanova hama
ipapo panogara bapiro rako rakapfava (…).
Iri basa rinopemberera kubatana uye hukama hwevanhu, uye rakafa naLudwig van Beethoven muNinth Symphony yake.
"Public Body" naMariela Cordero
"Ini handigare munyika, ndinogara mumuviri."
akatyoka
izvo zviri muunyoro
pamatongo anoparadza
uye kufema utsi hwemazuva akapiswa.
Handigari munyika, ndinogara mumuviri.
pasina ruva
kutambura
vasina kudzivirirwa kubva kuchibvumirano
kudedera kusingadzimiki
chezvakatyorwa munguva pfupi yapfuura.
Handigari munyika, ndinogara mumuviri.
kufara kwemapfupa
trained
semapanga
zvinorwisa vanhu vanoda kuteura ropa
pamusoro peanotsunga
maneuver
achizeza kupuruzira
panzvimbo yayo yakaparadzwa.
muviri uyu
anofuratira zvose zvisipo
ronda,
ronda ragara rakavhurika
uye zvimiro zvechimbichimbi zvekudyisa.
Handigari munyika, ndinogara mumuviri.
abducted
iyo inotamba nekuuraya
uye ane mimba neakanyanya
yemapakiti
Anongoziva kubereka rufu.
Handigare munyika, ndinogara muboka revanhu.
saka kupera
kuti tsoka dzangu dzakareruka dzinorwadza
uye runyerekupe rwetariro yangu runomutambudza.
Ndinozeza
munzvimbo yayo diki yakanyarara
torpid
yekurova kwemoyo kusingaite
yerunako rwayo rwekare rwengano
ndichidya hangu
zvimedu zvekupisa kwayo kushoma.
Ndinozeza
uye ndinovimba mambakwedza
tishamise neumbowo
kuti zvose,
muviri uyu pandinogara neni
takapona
muhusiku hurefu
zvemapakiti."
"Public body" ndeyemuunganidzwa wenhetembo Husiku hurefu hwemapakiti (2023). Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemahara, iyi rwiyo kune nyaya yekuve isu tese takagadzirirwa mukati mekusarongeka odes.
Ode mumabhuku eSpanish
Muchinyakare chekunyora mumutauro weSpanish, isu tinowanawo yakatanhamara mienzaniso ye odes. Vadetembi vakaita saGarcilaso de la Vega naFray Luis de León vakashandisa fomu renhetembo iri kutaura pfungwa nemanzwiro avo. Gare gare, Pablo Neruda akamutsiridza ode munhetembo yemazuva ano ne "Elementary Odes" yake, umo anosimudzira zvinhu zvemazuva ese sechingwa, madomasi uye mufaro wekurarama.
Kukosha kweode
Ode imhando yenhetembo yakamira muedzo wenguva nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuchinjika uye kushanduka. Kunyange zvazvo mavambo ayo akadzika midzi mumhemberero nemhemberero dzeGreece yekare, Hunhu hwayo hunoramba huchikoshera munhetembo dzanhasi.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Iyo ode inobvumira vanyori kuongorora uye kuratidza manzwiro avo akadzama, uyewo kupa ruremekedzo kuzvinhu zvoupenyu zvavanofunga kuti zvinokosha.