Chii chinonzi sonnet?

Chii chinonzi sonnet?

Chii chinonzi sonnet?

Sonnet ndeimwe yemhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye dzinoremekedzwa dzenhetembo dzenziyo, ine mazana emakore enhoroondo uye ine simba guru pamabhuku pasi rose. Ichi chimiro chedetembo, icho chakatangira kuItaly panguva yeRenaissance, chinoratidzwa nekuoma kwayo kwepamutemo uye kugona kwayo kufambisa manzwiro munzvimbo ipfupi.

Kwemakore, Sonnet yakashandiswa nevamwe vadetembi vane mukurumbira veiyi mhizha, kubva kuPetrarch kuenda kuShakespeare., ichichengeta mukurumbira wayo. Zvichienderana nemaitiro, zvinyorwa izvi zvinoumbwa nemavhesi 14 eunyanzvi hukuru hwemasyllables 11 imwe neimwe. Iwo akagoverwa muzvikamu zvina zvemakonzonendi rhyme, maviri ekutanga endima 4, uye mamwe ese, e4.

Nhoroondo yezvakaitika zvesonnet

The sonnet Iyo ine midzi yayo muSicily uye yakafarirwa nemudetembi Petrarch muzana ramakore rechi 14. Izwi iro rinosiyaniswa naro rinobva kuOld French "sonet", diminutive ye "mwanakomana". Gare gare, izvi zvakagamuchirwa neProvencal "sonet" uye yeItaly "sonetto". Etymologically, zvarinoreva zvingava chimwe chinhu se "rwiyo ruduku" kana "rwiyo ruduku."

Kunyangwe rudzi urwu rwekuumbwa rwakatangira muItari, ine maexponents akadai saMaestro Dante Alighieri, chimiro chayo chakagadziridzwa uye chakapararira muEurope yese, kunyanya muSpain neEngland. Munyika idzi, vanyori vakaita saGarcilaso de la Vega uye William Shakespeare Vakaishandisa zvine mutsindo mukuru.

Hunhu hwakakosha hwesonnet

The classic sonnet ine mavhesi gumi nemana akagoverwa mumaquatrains maviri-kureva. zvikamu zvendima ina dzeunyanzvi hukuru- uye maviri matatu —ndiko kuti, zvikamu zvendima nhatu dzeunyanzvi hukuru—. Ese ma substructures ari hendecasyllables, kunyangwe iyo rhyme scheme inogona kusiyana. Zvadaro, tichatsanangura maitiro ayo.

Quartets

Mavhesi masere emakota maviri ekutanga esonnet Kazhinji vanopa dingindira guru renhetembo -mavari pfungwa, manzwiro emunyori, inogadzirwa.

Muenzaniso

1 quartet yesonnet XXIII (Garcilaso de la Vega)

«Nenguva yerose uye lily

ruvara runoratidzwa muchimiro chako,

uye kuti chitarisiko chako chakashinga, chechokwadi,

"inotungidza moyo nekuidzora"

Triplets

Ndima nhanhatu dzematareta maviri asara dzinowanzoshanda semhedziso kana ratidziro yekupedzisira yenhetembo.. Muchikamu chino, nyanduri anoita shanduko munharo kana kutaura sarudzo. Iyo rhyme scheme yematatu inogona kusiyana kupfuura iyo yequatrains, asi inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeCDE CDE kana CDC DCD.

Muenzaniso

1 chetatu cheChando (Rubén Darío)

«Nemasefa ayo akajeka hope dzakanaka dzinomupinda;

Ndinopinda, pasina ruzha; Ndasiya jasi rangu jena;

"Ndichakutsvoda chiso chako, chakanaka uye chinobata kumeso."

Chii chinonzi sonnet?

Kuti unzwisise chikamu ichi, zvinodikanwa kuti zvive zvakajeka pamusoro pezvikamu zvinogadzira uye mamwe mazano. Aya ndiwo mamwe ematemu anobatanidzwa nesonnet:

mavhesi makuru eunyanzvi

Mavhesi ane 9 kana kupfuura metric syllables. Izvi zvinoonekwa kuburikidza nemabhii makuru muhurongwa hwearufabheti - semuenzaniso: ndima "ABBA".

Pamusoro pekupedzisira, Izvo zvinodikanwa kuyeuka kuti chimiro cheItalian sonnet chiripo, inova diki soneti, kunyanya mavhesi ane masirabhi masere. Iri fomu rine nhetembo sezvizvi: abab abab cdc dcd.

Muenzaniso wesonnet:

Chimedu che "Mumwe Abheri", naJuan Ortiz

"Ndakatorana, ipapo, uye ndakabvuma

kune conditioning entity

pasina chiyero. kubva kwandiri ndakati

zvinopihwa nemudikani akachenjera,

kure kure hongu

pamwero mukuru; dhaimani

yakakwenenzverwa yaive mune zvese: ndaive

Virgil, ndaivawo Dante.

Ndakazadzisa chiyero chandakanga ndapiwa.

hapana mhosva yakawanikwa mandiri.

kana mumunyengetero wakaoma kunzwisisa

akanyura mudhamu

—kumusana wake, ari oga—, kwete kunyange mune mumwe nomumwe

Ndinonyengetera kuna Mwari pasi pomwedzi.

Rhyme

Sezvakatsanangurwa muzvikamu zvakapfuura, Rhyme iri musonnet inosanganisa magumo endima kubva munyau yakasimbiswa. Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakuronga kubatanidzwa kwendima mabhii emaarufabheti mukutevedzana. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kwatiri kuziva mavhesi ane mutinhimira mumwe nemumwe. Semuenzaniso: chidimbu che”ABBA” chinoratidza kuti ndima yekutanga inofanira kusanganiswa neyechina neyechipiri neyechitatu.

Chimiro chesonnet

Metric

Imwe neimwe yemavhesi esonnet inofanira kuva hendecasyllable, kureva kuti, inofanira kuumbwa ne11 metric syllables.

stanzas

Makota maviri nematatu matatu.

Rhyme

ABBA – ABBA – CDC – CDC.

NOTA

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuyeuka kuti, muchiSpanish, sonnets anogona kupa akasiyana murhyme. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi: CDE - CDE kana CDE - DCE.

Polymetric sonnets

Rinoreva masoneti ane nhetembo anoti Vanochengetedza yakasununguka metric chimiro, kugadzirisa kune zvinonaka zvemunyori. Rubén Darío aizivikanwa zvikuru nokuashandisa, uye akaaratidza panhambo dzinoverengeka. Pakati penhetembo dzake dzemhando iyi, misanganiswa yake yehendecasyllables ine heptasyllables inomira pachena.

Zvemukati nemadingindira esonnet

Kunyange zvazvo sonnet ine chimiro chakasimba kwazvo, imotokari yakakwana yekuratidza manzwiro evanhu. Pachivanhu, Izvi zvakashandiswa kuratidza madingindira akadai serudo, rufu, runako, kufamba kwenguva uye fungidziro yehuzivi.

Mukaha uripo pakati pe quartets ne triplets unowanzo shanda sechinjo, uko matauriro kana nzira yenhetembo inogona kuchinja.

Kukosha kwesonnet muzvinyorwa

Sezvo mazana emakore akapfuura, Sonnet yave iri nzira huru yekutaura pfungwa dzakadzama uye manzwiro.. Mamiriro ayo chaiwo anobvumira vananyanduri kuronga pfungwa dzavo nenzira yakajeka uye yakarongeka, nepo mumhanzi wemavhesi ehendecasyllabic uchigadzira rwiyo runokwezva.

Muzvinyorwa zvechiSpanish, vadetembi vakaita saGarcilaso de la Vega, Luis de Góngora naFrancisco de Quevedo vakashandisa sonnet kuratidza kuoma kwechiitiko chese chevanhu. Muzvinyorwa zveChirungu, vanyori vakadai saWilliam Shakespeare vakasimudza sonnet kusvika kune hurefu hutsva, kuongorora zvisikwa uye kupesana pakati pechido uye kufunga.

Nhasi, Sonnet inoramba iri chimiro chakakurumbira pakati pevadetembi vemazuva ano vanotsvaga kuongorora madingindira echinyakare kana kuedza nezvimiro zvavo.

Mienzaniso mitatu yemasonnet nevanyori vakuru

KuChiverengero cheNiebla (Lope de Vega)

Mwana munyoro, muKristu mutsva Isaka

mujecha reTarifa tarisa

baba vakanaka, vane hasha dzoumwari

kuvimbika uye rudo kurwa pasina;

simudza munondo muruoko rwaityiwa,

vanokunda vane mbiri, anokanda asingatyi,

Zuva rinopofumadza, Roma inozvarwa, rudo runogomera,

Spain inokunda, muAfrica anonyarara.

Italy akadzikisa huma yake, uye kubva yake

Akatora kubva kuTorkato rori yendarama nendarira;

nokuti hapana Ser Guzman anozvikudza.

Uye mukurumbira, kutanga kwako,

Guzmán The Good anonyora, ari ipapo

ingi yeropa nebanga rechinyoreso.

Sonnet XXXV (Garcilaso de la Vega)

Mario, rudo rusingaongi, sechapupu

yekutenda kwangu kwakachena uye nekusimba kwangu kukuru,

achishandisa hunhu hwake hwakashata pandiri,

izvo zviri kukonzera kugumbura kwakawanda kune vane ushamwari zvakanyanya;

ndichitya kuti ndikanyora kana kutaura

ndichaderedza ukuru hwake;

Simba rake harina kukwana pamuchinjikwa wangu

Amanikidza ruoko rwomuvengi wangu.

Uye saka, muchikamu icho ruoko rwerudyi

anotonga uye mune anozivisa

pfungwa dzemweya, ndakakuvadzwa.

Asi ndichaita kuti chigumbuso ichi mudikani

ndakaripira mutadzi, sezvo ndiri mutano,

vakasununguka, vakapererwa uye vakagumburwa.

Sonnet 3: Tarisa mugirazi rako, uye uudze chiso chako (William Shakespeare)

Spanish version

Udza chiso chaunoona paunotarisa mugirazi,

kuti yave nguva yekuti agadzirise mumwe,

Zvakanaka, kana chimiro chayo chitsva, ikozvino iwe hauvandudze,

iwe ucharamba nyika uye mai kubwinya kwavo.

Uripiko runako, une mimba yemhandara?

ndiani anoshoora kurimwa kwechiito chenyu chewanano?

Kana kuti mupengo wacho arikupi, anoda kuva guva?

yekuzvida nekunzvenga vana?

Chivoni voni chaamai vako, icho nekungokutarisa

Inomutsa Kubvumbi kwakanaka, kwaive muchirimo chayo.

Saka, kuburikidza nemahwindo ezera rako iwe unokwanisa kuona,

chipo chako chegoridhe, pasinei nechuru chako chekuwonyana.

Asi kana uchigara wega, kuti urege kusiya ndangariro,

Ifa usina kuroorwa uye rega chimiro chako chife newe.

Mienzaniso mitatu yesoneti dzepakutanga

"Ndanga ndiri murume ane rombo rakanaka", naJuan Ortiz

(Nyoni dzeBorgian)

I

Handina chimwe chinhu kunze kwemurume ane rombo rakanaka.

Matarenda angadai akakosherei?

kuti ndakagadzira kana zviitiko

dhizi ringadai rakanditungamirira kurufu?

Kune rombo rakanaka, hongu, ndingataura zvakawanda.

Hapana chinoyemurika chakakodzera kwandiri

kupfuura akasimuka ndokuti "Hongu"

kune bhizinesi rega rega rinowanikwa, kuhondo yese.

Zvaizoitwa nemunhu ane rombo rakanaka

dai vakamuratidza saizi

mukana: pasina pfupa rakatyoka,

pasina kukanganisa kukuru kupfuura kwezuva

zuva nezuva ... pakanga pasina kushomeka kwekofi kana nzimbe,

kana rudo rwakatsaurirwa kuna Mwari.

II

Rombo remunyu nemahombekombe avo

yenganonyorwa, makombokoni,

yegungwa, gannets nemafungu

kushambidza tsoka nemhodzi dzayo.

Muono wekuenda chero pazvaive,

apo matambudziko akanyanya kuvava,

uye zvimwe chetezvo zvakaverengwa pamwe chete namarosari

vakakomborerwa nechembere pakumirira kwavo.

Vana vanomirira gungwa nekurwa kwaro;

minamato yekusimudza ngarava dzakaputsika kuti dzinyure.

kudaidza mussel uye botuto,

munyengetero wouyo anopa zvinhu zvose zvake,

inzwi rinogadzirisa, rinodzikamisa uye rinobvisa chikepe

uye anonyaradza kuchema kwokuchema kwose.

III

Ndine rombo rakanaka kundigamuchira muredzi,

Kutanga, pachitsuwa ichocho chisina kumboitika

iyo yakawanda kwazvo inoimbwa uye inodzokororwa

pose panogara kubwinya.

Dai ndakazvirima nepfumo;

chiredzo, mumbure, nemimbure;

uye vimba kuti "Mijo, unogona kuzviita"

yokubwinya kwangu kutsvene nokurerwa kwake kwakasimba.

Lucky, kana asiri mumwe munhu akafa

pakarepo mumakona erima

abaiwa kumusana akuvara...

chiedza chipfupi chekurarama zvaunoda

uye bata nzvimbo dzakakwirira zvishoma

tisati tarara zvakajairika kukanganwa.

"Compulsory polymath", naJuan Ortiz

(Nyoni dzeBorgian)

I

Ndinoreurura kuti ndakatorwa moyo

nekuda kwehupenyu huno hunoshamisa nemikana yahwo,

kuti ukunde makungwa ayo

Ndakafamba kubva kune rimwe basa kuenda kune rimwe mukuita.

Nekudaro, ndisati ndaenda,

vasati vafamba pakati peatari.

Ndakasiya pamabasa aya emuenzaniso

kuti vaizondireverera basa rangu rakakodzera.

Ini ndakanga ndisiri mumwe weboka, ndaisagona,

nokuti chingwa chaibva pabasa rangu

urayai marwadzo emba

kuputika kwematumbu; aiva mumwe Adhamu

zvakasiiwa kune ramangwana rezuva nezuva,

uye ndiwo mararamire angu: pakati pechishuwo chimwe nechimwe.

II

Vakaropafadzwa vanotsungirira

nguva dzose munzira imwe inokosha,

chii chandakarongerwa nemagumo

Zvakanga zvakasiyana: kuva mumwe wevaya vanopfeka

maererano nemhepo, yevaya vanorarama

maererano nenzara yechinguvana; ndaneta

dzimwe nguva, handizvirambe, dzimwe nguva: zvehumwari;

Nekudaro, ini handina kumbobvira ndiri mumwe weavo vanorwisa,

yevaya vanoparadza kuti vapenye.

kufamba kwangu kwaienderana nemasevhisi,

nemwero wepamusoro wekutumira

akanakisisa kwandiri; Ndakanga ndisingazivi nezvezvakaipa,

kunze, zvisingadzivisiki, kana uchida:

denga rayo rakafara uye mawere akadzika-dzika.

III

Nezuro chete Lauro aidzokorora,

naAlbéniz, naBach, naTárrega, naDíaz, naRiera;

nezuro wacho chaiva chikara chine utsinye

nematare anobwinya, centaur.

Hazvina kutora nguva uye akanga atova Minotaur

ndichiona moto weinki nhema uchibvira

mune labyrinth mundima uye brine

pasi pekuvigwa kwechiratidzo taurus.

Kuwedzera kumashure mumakore, bhiza

pamusoro penyika muhondo yechiaroscuro,

uye kunyange dzimwe nguva ndichidzoka, handichazviwani,

Hazvibviri kuti ndidzoke ndakazara, ndakachena;

Iyo clamp haindibvumire, iyo callus,

mazwi, hupenyu, madziro anotevera.

"Dimorphism", naJuan Ortiz

(Borgian Sonnet)

Nguva zhinji ndaigara pedyo naJudhasi.

vamwe vazhinji, ndini ndakatengesa Kristu.

uye kunyange zviito zvangu zvakanga zvisina kurongwa,

Zvinoputsa mweya kuti uzvizive pachako, pasina kupokana,

uye kunzwisisa zvimwe chokwadi chisina kujeka:

ndiye Kaini naAbheri vari mumuviri wakagadzirira

kune vanotyisa. Uye kunyange zvakaonekwa

rombo rangu, zvimwe zvikamu zvakashama:

kutyisa kwekuvimba zvakafanana

kuzviona ndiri mukati meimwe,

uye tariro yezvakanaka, uchiziva zvakaipa

uye mukurumbira wayo wakakura

munhoroondo yedzinza remunyu iri

ine zvishoma kupinda kudenga uye gomba rakafara.


Siya yako yekutaura

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