
Chii chinonzi sonnet?
Sonnet ndeimwe yemhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye dzinoremekedzwa dzenhetembo dzenziyo, ine mazana emakore enhoroondo uye ine simba guru pamabhuku pasi rose. Ichi chimiro chedetembo, icho chakatangira kuItaly panguva yeRenaissance, chinoratidzwa nekuoma kwayo kwepamutemo uye kugona kwayo kufambisa manzwiro munzvimbo ipfupi.
Kwemakore, Sonnet yakashandiswa nevamwe vadetembi vane mukurumbira veiyi mhizha, kubva kuPetrarch kuenda kuShakespeare., ichichengeta mukurumbira wayo. Zvichienderana nemaitiro, zvinyorwa izvi zvinoumbwa nemavhesi 14 eunyanzvi hukuru hwemasyllables 11 imwe neimwe. Iwo akagoverwa muzvikamu zvina zvemakonzonendi rhyme, maviri ekutanga endima 4, uye mamwe ese, e4.
Nhoroondo yezvakaitika zvesonnet
The sonnet Iyo ine midzi yayo muSicily uye yakafarirwa nemudetembi Petrarch muzana ramakore rechi 14. Izwi iro rinosiyaniswa naro rinobva kuOld French "sonet", diminutive ye "mwanakomana". Gare gare, izvi zvakagamuchirwa neProvencal "sonet" uye yeItaly "sonetto". Etymologically, zvarinoreva zvingava chimwe chinhu se "rwiyo ruduku" kana "rwiyo ruduku."
Kunyangwe rudzi urwu rwekuumbwa rwakatangira muItari, ine maexponents akadai saMaestro Dante Alighieri, chimiro chayo chakagadziridzwa uye chakapararira muEurope yese, kunyanya muSpain neEngland. Munyika idzi, vanyori vakaita saGarcilaso de la Vega uye William Shakespeare Vakaishandisa zvine mutsindo mukuru.
Hunhu hwakakosha hwesonnet
The classic sonnet ine mavhesi gumi nemana akagoverwa mumaquatrains maviri-kureva. zvikamu zvendima ina dzeunyanzvi hukuru- uye maviri matatu —ndiko kuti, zvikamu zvendima nhatu dzeunyanzvi hukuru—. Ese ma substructures ari hendecasyllables, kunyangwe iyo rhyme scheme inogona kusiyana. Zvadaro, tichatsanangura maitiro ayo.
Quartets
Mavhesi masere emakota maviri ekutanga esonnet Kazhinji vanopa dingindira guru renhetembo -mavari pfungwa, manzwiro emunyori, inogadzirwa.
Muenzaniso
1 quartet yesonnet XXIII (Garcilaso de la Vega)
«Nenguva yerose uye lily
ruvara runoratidzwa muchimiro chako,
uye kuti chitarisiko chako chakashinga, chechokwadi,
"inotungidza moyo nekuidzora"
Triplets
Ndima nhanhatu dzematareta maviri asara dzinowanzoshanda semhedziso kana ratidziro yekupedzisira yenhetembo.. Muchikamu chino, nyanduri anoita shanduko munharo kana kutaura sarudzo. Iyo rhyme scheme yematatu inogona kusiyana kupfuura iyo yequatrains, asi inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeCDE CDE kana CDC DCD.
Muenzaniso
1 chetatu cheChando (Rubén Darío)
«Nemasefa ayo akajeka hope dzakanaka dzinomupinda;
Ndinopinda, pasina ruzha; Ndasiya jasi rangu jena;
"Ndichakutsvoda chiso chako, chakanaka uye chinobata kumeso."
Chii chinonzi sonnet?
Kuti unzwisise chikamu ichi, zvinodikanwa kuti zvive zvakajeka pamusoro pezvikamu zvinogadzira uye mamwe mazano. Aya ndiwo mamwe ematemu anobatanidzwa nesonnet:
mavhesi makuru eunyanzvi
Mavhesi ane 9 kana kupfuura metric syllables. Izvi zvinoonekwa kuburikidza nemabhii makuru muhurongwa hwearufabheti - semuenzaniso: ndima "ABBA".
Pamusoro pekupedzisira, Izvo zvinodikanwa kuyeuka kuti chimiro cheItalian sonnet chiripo, inova diki soneti, kunyanya mavhesi ane masirabhi masere. Iri fomu rine nhetembo sezvizvi: abab abab cdc dcd.
Muenzaniso wesonnet:
Chimedu che "Mumwe Abheri", naJuan Ortiz
"Ndakatorana, ipapo, uye ndakabvuma
kune conditioning entity
pasina chiyero. kubva kwandiri ndakati
zvinopihwa nemudikani akachenjera,
kure kure hongu
pamwero mukuru; dhaimani
yakakwenenzverwa yaive mune zvese: ndaive
Virgil, ndaivawo Dante.
Ndakazadzisa chiyero chandakanga ndapiwa.
hapana mhosva yakawanikwa mandiri.
kana mumunyengetero wakaoma kunzwisisa
akanyura mudhamu
—kumusana wake, ari oga—, kwete kunyange mune mumwe nomumwe
Ndinonyengetera kuna Mwari pasi pomwedzi.
Rhyme
Sezvakatsanangurwa muzvikamu zvakapfuura, Rhyme iri musonnet inosanganisa magumo endima kubva munyau yakasimbiswa. Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakuronga kubatanidzwa kwendima mabhii emaarufabheti mukutevedzana. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kwatiri kuziva mavhesi ane mutinhimira mumwe nemumwe. Semuenzaniso: chidimbu che”ABBA” chinoratidza kuti ndima yekutanga inofanira kusanganiswa neyechina neyechipiri neyechitatu.
Chimiro chesonnet
Metric
Imwe neimwe yemavhesi esonnet inofanira kuva hendecasyllable, kureva kuti, inofanira kuumbwa ne11 metric syllables.
stanzas
Makota maviri nematatu matatu.
Rhyme
ABBA – ABBA – CDC – CDC.
NOTA
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuyeuka kuti, muchiSpanish, sonnets anogona kupa akasiyana murhyme. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi: CDE - CDE kana CDE - DCE.
Polymetric sonnets
Rinoreva masoneti ane nhetembo anoti Vanochengetedza yakasununguka metric chimiro, kugadzirisa kune zvinonaka zvemunyori. Rubén Darío aizivikanwa zvikuru nokuashandisa, uye akaaratidza panhambo dzinoverengeka. Pakati penhetembo dzake dzemhando iyi, misanganiswa yake yehendecasyllables ine heptasyllables inomira pachena.
Zvemukati nemadingindira esonnet
Kunyange zvazvo sonnet ine chimiro chakasimba kwazvo, imotokari yakakwana yekuratidza manzwiro evanhu. Pachivanhu, Izvi zvakashandiswa kuratidza madingindira akadai serudo, rufu, runako, kufamba kwenguva uye fungidziro yehuzivi.
Mukaha uripo pakati pe quartets ne triplets unowanzo shanda sechinjo, uko matauriro kana nzira yenhetembo inogona kuchinja.
Kukosha kwesonnet muzvinyorwa
Sezvo mazana emakore akapfuura, Sonnet yave iri nzira huru yekutaura pfungwa dzakadzama uye manzwiro.. Mamiriro ayo chaiwo anobvumira vananyanduri kuronga pfungwa dzavo nenzira yakajeka uye yakarongeka, nepo mumhanzi wemavhesi ehendecasyllabic uchigadzira rwiyo runokwezva.
Muzvinyorwa zvechiSpanish, vadetembi vakaita saGarcilaso de la Vega, Luis de Góngora naFrancisco de Quevedo vakashandisa sonnet kuratidza kuoma kwechiitiko chese chevanhu. Muzvinyorwa zveChirungu, vanyori vakadai saWilliam Shakespeare vakasimudza sonnet kusvika kune hurefu hutsva, kuongorora zvisikwa uye kupesana pakati pechido uye kufunga.
Nhasi, Sonnet inoramba iri chimiro chakakurumbira pakati pevadetembi vemazuva ano vanotsvaga kuongorora madingindira echinyakare kana kuedza nezvimiro zvavo.
Mienzaniso mitatu yemasonnet nevanyori vakuru
KuChiverengero cheNiebla (Lope de Vega)
Mwana munyoro, muKristu mutsva Isaka
mujecha reTarifa tarisa
baba vakanaka, vane hasha dzoumwari
kuvimbika uye rudo kurwa pasina;
simudza munondo muruoko rwaityiwa,
vanokunda vane mbiri, anokanda asingatyi,
Zuva rinopofumadza, Roma inozvarwa, rudo runogomera,
Spain inokunda, muAfrica anonyarara.
Italy akadzikisa huma yake, uye kubva yake
Akatora kubva kuTorkato rori yendarama nendarira;
nokuti hapana Ser Guzman anozvikudza.
Uye mukurumbira, kutanga kwako,
Guzmán The Good anonyora, ari ipapo
ingi yeropa nebanga rechinyoreso.
Sonnet XXXV (Garcilaso de la Vega)
Mario, rudo rusingaongi, sechapupu
yekutenda kwangu kwakachena uye nekusimba kwangu kukuru,
achishandisa hunhu hwake hwakashata pandiri,
izvo zviri kukonzera kugumbura kwakawanda kune vane ushamwari zvakanyanya;
ndichitya kuti ndikanyora kana kutaura
ndichaderedza ukuru hwake;
Simba rake harina kukwana pamuchinjikwa wangu
Amanikidza ruoko rwomuvengi wangu.
Uye saka, muchikamu icho ruoko rwerudyi
anotonga uye mune anozivisa
pfungwa dzemweya, ndakakuvadzwa.
Asi ndichaita kuti chigumbuso ichi mudikani
ndakaripira mutadzi, sezvo ndiri mutano,
vakasununguka, vakapererwa uye vakagumburwa.
Sonnet 3: Tarisa mugirazi rako, uye uudze chiso chako (William Shakespeare)
Spanish version
Udza chiso chaunoona paunotarisa mugirazi,
kuti yave nguva yekuti agadzirise mumwe,
Zvakanaka, kana chimiro chayo chitsva, ikozvino iwe hauvandudze,
iwe ucharamba nyika uye mai kubwinya kwavo.
Uripiko runako, une mimba yemhandara?
ndiani anoshoora kurimwa kwechiito chenyu chewanano?
Kana kuti mupengo wacho arikupi, anoda kuva guva?
yekuzvida nekunzvenga vana?
Chivoni voni chaamai vako, icho nekungokutarisa
Inomutsa Kubvumbi kwakanaka, kwaive muchirimo chayo.
Saka, kuburikidza nemahwindo ezera rako iwe unokwanisa kuona,
chipo chako chegoridhe, pasinei nechuru chako chekuwonyana.
Asi kana uchigara wega, kuti urege kusiya ndangariro,
Ifa usina kuroorwa uye rega chimiro chako chife newe.
Mienzaniso mitatu yesoneti dzepakutanga
"Ndanga ndiri murume ane rombo rakanaka", naJuan Ortiz
(Nyoni dzeBorgian)
I
Handina chimwe chinhu kunze kwemurume ane rombo rakanaka.
Matarenda angadai akakosherei?
kuti ndakagadzira kana zviitiko
dhizi ringadai rakanditungamirira kurufu?
Kune rombo rakanaka, hongu, ndingataura zvakawanda.
Hapana chinoyemurika chakakodzera kwandiri
kupfuura akasimuka ndokuti "Hongu"
kune bhizinesi rega rega rinowanikwa, kuhondo yese.
Zvaizoitwa nemunhu ane rombo rakanaka
dai vakamuratidza saizi
mukana: pasina pfupa rakatyoka,
pasina kukanganisa kukuru kupfuura kwezuva
zuva nezuva ... pakanga pasina kushomeka kwekofi kana nzimbe,
kana rudo rwakatsaurirwa kuna Mwari.
II
Rombo remunyu nemahombekombe avo
yenganonyorwa, makombokoni,
yegungwa, gannets nemafungu
kushambidza tsoka nemhodzi dzayo.
Muono wekuenda chero pazvaive,
apo matambudziko akanyanya kuvava,
uye zvimwe chetezvo zvakaverengwa pamwe chete namarosari
vakakomborerwa nechembere pakumirira kwavo.
Vana vanomirira gungwa nekurwa kwaro;
minamato yekusimudza ngarava dzakaputsika kuti dzinyure.
kudaidza mussel uye botuto,
munyengetero wouyo anopa zvinhu zvose zvake,
inzwi rinogadzirisa, rinodzikamisa uye rinobvisa chikepe
uye anonyaradza kuchema kwokuchema kwose.
III
Ndine rombo rakanaka kundigamuchira muredzi,
Kutanga, pachitsuwa ichocho chisina kumboitika
iyo yakawanda kwazvo inoimbwa uye inodzokororwa
pose panogara kubwinya.
Dai ndakazvirima nepfumo;
chiredzo, mumbure, nemimbure;
uye vimba kuti "Mijo, unogona kuzviita"
yokubwinya kwangu kutsvene nokurerwa kwake kwakasimba.
Lucky, kana asiri mumwe munhu akafa
pakarepo mumakona erima
abaiwa kumusana akuvara...
chiedza chipfupi chekurarama zvaunoda
uye bata nzvimbo dzakakwirira zvishoma
tisati tarara zvakajairika kukanganwa.
"Compulsory polymath", naJuan Ortiz
(Nyoni dzeBorgian)
I
Ndinoreurura kuti ndakatorwa moyo
nekuda kwehupenyu huno hunoshamisa nemikana yahwo,
kuti ukunde makungwa ayo
Ndakafamba kubva kune rimwe basa kuenda kune rimwe mukuita.
Nekudaro, ndisati ndaenda,
vasati vafamba pakati peatari.
Ndakasiya pamabasa aya emuenzaniso
kuti vaizondireverera basa rangu rakakodzera.
Ini ndakanga ndisiri mumwe weboka, ndaisagona,
nokuti chingwa chaibva pabasa rangu
urayai marwadzo emba
kuputika kwematumbu; aiva mumwe Adhamu
zvakasiiwa kune ramangwana rezuva nezuva,
uye ndiwo mararamire angu: pakati pechishuwo chimwe nechimwe.
II
Vakaropafadzwa vanotsungirira
nguva dzose munzira imwe inokosha,
chii chandakarongerwa nemagumo
Zvakanga zvakasiyana: kuva mumwe wevaya vanopfeka
maererano nemhepo, yevaya vanorarama
maererano nenzara yechinguvana; ndaneta
dzimwe nguva, handizvirambe, dzimwe nguva: zvehumwari;
Nekudaro, ini handina kumbobvira ndiri mumwe weavo vanorwisa,
yevaya vanoparadza kuti vapenye.
kufamba kwangu kwaienderana nemasevhisi,
nemwero wepamusoro wekutumira
akanakisisa kwandiri; Ndakanga ndisingazivi nezvezvakaipa,
kunze, zvisingadzivisiki, kana uchida:
denga rayo rakafara uye mawere akadzika-dzika.
III
Nezuro chete Lauro aidzokorora,
naAlbéniz, naBach, naTárrega, naDíaz, naRiera;
nezuro wacho chaiva chikara chine utsinye
nematare anobwinya, centaur.
Hazvina kutora nguva uye akanga atova Minotaur
ndichiona moto weinki nhema uchibvira
mune labyrinth mundima uye brine
pasi pekuvigwa kwechiratidzo taurus.
Kuwedzera kumashure mumakore, bhiza
pamusoro penyika muhondo yechiaroscuro,
uye kunyange dzimwe nguva ndichidzoka, handichazviwani,
Hazvibviri kuti ndidzoke ndakazara, ndakachena;
Iyo clamp haindibvumire, iyo callus,
mazwi, hupenyu, madziro anotevera.
"Dimorphism", naJuan Ortiz
(Borgian Sonnet)
Nguva zhinji ndaigara pedyo naJudhasi.
vamwe vazhinji, ndini ndakatengesa Kristu.
uye kunyange zviito zvangu zvakanga zvisina kurongwa,
Zvinoputsa mweya kuti uzvizive pachako, pasina kupokana,
uye kunzwisisa zvimwe chokwadi chisina kujeka:
ndiye Kaini naAbheri vari mumuviri wakagadzirira
kune vanotyisa. Uye kunyange zvakaonekwa
rombo rangu, zvimwe zvikamu zvakashama:
kutyisa kwekuvimba zvakafanana
kuzviona ndiri mukati meimwe,
uye tariro yezvakanaka, uchiziva zvakaipa
uye mukurumbira wayo wakakura
munhoroondo yedzinza remunyu iri
ine zvishoma kupinda kudenga uye gomba rakafara.