Hachisi chakavanzika kune chero munhu kuti kutaura nyaya inyanzvi pachayo. Manovhero marefu, akadai Zvinoshungurudza, naVictor Hugo kana Hama dzaKaramazov, yakanyorwa naFyodor Dostoevsky, yakadzika muzvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa semabasa echokwadi echokwadi. Asi pane nyaya idzo, kutanga kubva pamitsetse mipfupi mishoma, dzinokwanisa kuratidza hupenyu hwakakwana, kusanganisira kuoma kwavo kwese.
“Izvi zvingabvira sei?” vamwe vangabvunza kudaro, sezvo zvisingadzivisiki kufunga nezvazvo sechiito chakakodzera nyanzvi. Uye kana: Nyaya pfupi dzakanyatsonyorwa - hapana chimwe uye hapana zvishoma - madonhwe eungwaru. linguistics. Vamwe vevanyori vane mukurumbira mukuita rudzi urwu vanga vari Jorge Luis Borges, Julio Cortázar uye mudiki Santiago González Pedraza.
Chii chinonzi nyaya pfupi
Nyaya pfupi - kunyanya kana dzichitaura zvakananga nezvenyaya pfupi yezvinyorwa - ndidzo nganonyorwa pfupi, dzakarongwa dzine chinangwa chekutaura nganonyorwa pachishandiswa mutauro. Chishandiso ichi chinosanganisira mhando dzakadai sengano, ngano, nyaya pfupi, novel uye epic. Ichi chimiro chechinyorwa chinovaka mavara, nzvimbo, nguva nezvinangwa kubva pakutanga.
Nyaya pfupi inogona kushandisa izwi rimwe chete kana akawanda erondedzero, uye Zvinoda hunyanzvi hukuru kuti pasave nekurasikirwa nechirevo, zvichipiwa kupfupika kwechinyorwa. Saizvozvowo, kushandiswa kusingaganhurirwi kwefungidziro nekugadzira kunoitwa mukutsvaka kuburitsa nyaya dzingatobva pachokwadi. Kune rumwe rutivi, chimiro chichagara chichienderana nemunyori, uyewo rudzi rwebasa.
Hunhu hukuru hwenyaya pfupi
Kusiyanisa nyaya pfupi kubva kune dzimwe dzakawanda, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise kuti ndezvipi zvinonyanya kusiyanisa maitiro, izvo zvinoumbwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:
Nhamba yemashoko
Zvinoita sezviri pachena, handiti? Zvisinei, zvakakosha kujekesa kuti, kuti nyaya ionekwe se "pfupi", Nhamba yemashoko akanyorwa mairi haifaniri kudarika 1700 mazwi. Rudzi urwu rwechinyorwa runoda kuti mitsara inyorwe zvine hunyanzvi uye muchidimbu. Kushandisa mitsara mipfupi kunobatsira mamiriro ezvinhu kukura nekukurumidza.
Imwe nzira yekutarisa kureba kwenyaya pfupi
Imwe nzira yekuziva kuti nyaya ipfupi sei nehuwandu hwemapeji. Mupfungwa iyi, Chinyorwa hachifanirwe kuva nemapeji anopfuura mashanu, nokuti, kana zvakadaro, tinenge tichitaura nezvenyaya pachayo. Muenzaniso weizvi unogona kuva Iyo Taura-Tale Moyo, rakanyorwa naEdgar Allan Poe, iro, zvichienderana neshanduro, rine mapeji mana chete, kana mashoma.
Kuratidzwa kwekupokana
Murungano rupfupi makakatanwa echinyorwa anofanirwa kuburitswa kubva kwekutanga, uye inokura nyaya yacho painoenderera mberi. Pamusoro pazvo, kutumirwa uku kunofanirwa kubatanidza vatambi vese nekukasira, kuitira kuti zvibatanidzo zvitange zvakaenzana, nedonzvo rekuwana rhythmic mhedzisiro kune mumwe nemumwe wevatambi.
Nyaya pfupi ine vatambi vangani?
Nekuda kwemunyori - uye senyaya yekuenderana - Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti iro zano harivharise anopfuura matatu kana mana mavara. Chikonzero chiri nyore kwazvo: kusanganisirwa kwevatambi vakawandisa kunogona kukanganisa muverengi kubva pakuita kwechokwadi kwenyaya: kutaura nyaya. Panyaya yerudzi urwu rwechinyorwa, zviitiko pachazvo zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura varatidziri.
Kutanga kwakanyanya
Muzhinji, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti nyaya pfupi dzitange zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, nemutsara kana ndima inokoka chiito kubva pakutanga. Saizvozvovo, mhedzisiro inotaridzwa nekubuda nenzira isingatarisirwe, kana nechiitiko chinoburitsa simba guru kumuverengi. Muchidimbu, nyaya pfupi haifanire kufanofungidzira kana kuve nemazadzisi.
Mhando yemutauro unoshandiswa munyaya pfupi
Iine mazwi mashoma, vanyori vakawanda vanoda kushandisa mutauro une tsika, yakapfuma, ichipa muverengi mukana wokuwana mashoko matsva uye kujairana neduramazwi rinomuita kuti atsvage. Mukupesana, kuchine vanyori vanotarisa kune dzimwe nzira dzekuzvarwa, kunyangwe kusarudza kushandisa slang.
Zvikamu zvenyaya pfupi
Musoro
Rinoreva hwaro hwakakosha hwenyaya, hunoshanda sechinhu chepakati chebasa. Nekuva nedingindira chairo, Nhaurirano, zviito, kukakavara uye zvinhu zvevatambi zvichaenderana pasi peiyo nuance imwechete, iyo inozadza chero nyaya neverisimilitude uye kubatana.
Kupokana
Nguva zhinji, zviri nyore kuvhiringa gakava nedingindira, asi ese ane pfungwa dzakasiyana zvachose. Semuyenzaniso, Munyaya pfupi inotyisa, fungidziro ndiro dingindira, nepo zano iri chishuwo chemhondi serial kurwisa vadikani vaviri mune kabhini musango. Mune mamwe mazwi: chirongwa chinotarisa zviitiko zvese zvine chekuita nechirongwa.
Kukakavara
Iyi ndiyo pfungwa huru yekufarira kune wese muverengi. Inowanzo kuratidzwa sedambudziko rinofanirwa kugadziriswa nevatambi, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvapa chirevo kuhuvepo hwengano. Saizvozvowo, Zvakajairika kuti kunetsana kusambogadziriswa, nokudaro vachiona kuti nyaya pfupi iri kutaurwa ine magumo akazaruka, chimwe chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyaya dzisinganzwisisike.
Vanhu
Chido chekuda kuziva nezvevatambi vari munyaya pfupi ndechekuti vanogona kumiririrwa kuburikidza nevatambi, mhuka kana zvinhu. Kumwero mukuru, Ivo vanowanzo mira zvakanyanya nekuda kwezviito zvavo uye nhaurirano pane chitarisiko chavo, Nokudaro, maererano neyokupedzisira, munyori anogona kusarudza kuita tsananguro pfupi yevatambi vake, kana kuita pasina zvachose.
Mienzaniso yemamwe emabhuku enyaya pfupi akanakisa
- Ngano, naAnton Chekhov;
- Nyaya dzeNew York, rakanyorwa naO. Henry;
- Pedzisa nyaya, rakanyorwa naEdith Wharton;
- Martian Makoronike, naRay Bradbury;
- Manual yekuchenesa vakadzi, naLucia Berlin;
- The artificial black nezvimwe zvinyorwa, rakanyorwa naFlannery O'connor;
- Zvose zvinopisa moto, ivo Julio Cortazar;
- Ndinovaudza zvoses, rakanyorwa naRaymond Carver;
- Mufaro, rakanyorwa naMary Lavin;
- Nzvimbo imwe chete, zvinhu zvimwe chete, naTim Gautreaux;
- binocular kuona, naEdith Pearlman;
- Bani Rinopfuta, rakanyorwa naJuan Rulfo;
- Dzinoshamisa nyaya, rakanyorwa naRoald Dahl;
- Reginald, raSaki;
- Rudo rwemazizi, naJosé Jiménez Lozano.