mitemo yekusimbisa

Mumutauro upi noupi, mitemo yokuwedzera kazhinji kazhinji inokosha kuti unzwisise mashoko akanyorwa nyore nyore. Zvakadaro, muSpanish yakanyanya kutetepa, kunyanya kana tikafunga kuti kune homographs uye homophones izvo zvinoreva zvinoshanduka kana orthographic accent yawedzerwa - inozivikanwawo semataurirwo.

Nenzira iyi, matauriro akarurama anosiyanisa mazwi anopfuura makumi maviri akajairika muSpanish. Mitemo yayo chaiyo yekumaka inogona kucherechedzwa muzvinyorwa zvakatemwa neRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) uye iyo Association of Academies yeSpanish Mutauro (ASALE). Tevere, isu tichabata nzira yekugona ichi chikamu chakakosha chemutauro.

Kutanga, chii chaizvo chinonzi accentuation?

Stress (Stress) zvinoreva mukurumbira kana simba rinopiwa kusyllable mukati meizwi pakutaura. MuchiSpanish, Kune marudzi maviri makuru ekusimbisa: prosodic, iro rinodudzwa asi risina kunyorwa, uye chiperengo, iyo inocherechedzwa nerunyoro kana graphic accent. Ose ari maviri anobatsira kuona mutinhimira uye chirevo cheshoko chairo, kunyangwe mashandisiro azvo akasiyana.

Uku ndiko kurongwa kwemazwi zvichienderana nematauriro awo

Kuti unzwisise mitemo yekushushikana muSpanish, kutanga Zvinodikanwa kurongedza mazwi zvichienderana nenzvimbo yesyllable yavo yakasimbiswa, iyo ndiyo inogamuchira kusimba kukuru kana ichitaurwa:

Mazwi akapinza kana oxytone

Icho chiri pamusoro mazwi iwayo ane syllable yakasimbiswa ndiyo yekupedzisira. Aya ane graphically accented chero achipera mu n, kana vowel. Mimwe mienzaniso yeizvi ndeiyi inotevera:

• Nematauriro: kofi, rwiyo, zvakare;
• Pasina matauriro: tarisa, hutano, rarama.

Mazwi akakomba, akajeka kana paroxytone

Mune ino kesi, mazwi akakomba anokwiridzirwa kana syllable yakasimbiswa iri iyo yekupedzisira. Kusiyana nemafungiro ekare, chirevo charo hachigumi mu n, kana vowel. Mimwe mienzaniso yemusiyano uyu ndeiyi:

• Nechirevo: penzura, muti, zvakaoma;
• Pasina chirevo: kuimba, jaya, matafura.

Esdrújulas mazwi kana proparoxytone

Iyi inyaya inonakidza, yakapihwa izvozvo Syllable yakasimbiswa ndiyo penultimate. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inogara ine matauriro, zvisinei nemagumo ayo. Kuti tiratidze izvi, ngatitarisei pane zvinotevera kesi.

• Kurapa, kukurumidza, majeri.

Supersdrújulas kana superproparoxytone mazwi

Pakupedzisira, syllable yakasimbiswa yemutsauko uyu iri pamberi pekupedzisira, zvichireva kuti inofanira kugara yakasimbiswa nemifananidzo. Mimwe mienzaniso yeizvi ndeiyi nyaya dzinotevera:

• Ndidzosere, ndiudze, ndikweretese.

Zviitiko zvakakosha zvekusimbisa

Pamusoro pemitemo yese, Pane mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kunyatsotariswa.

Diacritic accent

The diacritical accent Rinoshandiswa kusiyanisa mazwi anopereterwa zvakafanana, asi zvine revo dzakasiyana kana kuti mabasa egirama. Mimwe mienzaniso mikuru ndeiyi inotevera.

• Iwe une matauriro: Chisazita chemunhu. Zvisineyi, kana yaunzwa isina mataurirwo anoitwa chivakashure. Yokutanga inogona kushandiswa mumatambudziko akadai "Iwe uri shamwari yangu", yechipiri, se "Iri ndiro bhuku rako."

• Iye ane matauriro: Ndicho chisazita chemunhu, ukuwo kana matauriro awo abviswa inova chivakashure. Muchiitiko chekutanga iwe unogona kunyora mitsara yakadai "Akanonoka", mune yechipiri, "Mota yakamira."

• Zvimwe zvine chirevo: ndezve chirevo chehuwandu kana kuenzanisa. Zvisinei, painonyorwa isina tsinhiro, inova chibatanidzo chinopikisa. Musiyano wekutanga unoshandiswa kunyora mitsara yakaita sekuti "Ndinoda keke rakawanda", mune yechipiri, "Ndaida kuzviita, asi handina kukwanisa."

• Ndinoziva nechirevo: ndiro izwi rechiito kuziva, asi Kana iyo graphic element yapihwa, inoreva reflexive pronoun. Mimwe mienzaniso yemitsara inogona kugadzirwa nezvose zviri zviviri: muchiitiko chekutanga, "Ndinoziva zvaunoita", mune yechipiri, "Akamuka mangwanani."

Kushungurudzika mu monosyllables

Semutemo wakajairika, monosyllables haina chirevo., kunze kwekunge pashandiswa chirevo chediacritical. Iyi mimwe mienzaniso:

• Pasina matauriro: zuva, mwedzi, iwe.
• Nematauriro: anoreva ini newe.

Diphthongs uye hiatus

Apa ndipo panogona kuomerwa nekutaura kwemazwi. Pachiitiko ichi, kusanganiswa kana kupatsanurwa kwemavhawero anoumba izwi kunokanganisa maitiro ekushushikana.

Diphthongs

Ndiko kubatanidzwa kwevhawero rakasimba kana rakavhurika —a, e, o— ine utera kana kuvharika —i, u—. Kana yakataurwa diphthong yakaumbwa nevhawero rakashama rinotangira rakavharwa, matauriro anonyorwa pamusoro peyokutanga. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona kuitika kuti diphthong inoumbwa nemavhawero maviri akavharwa. Kana zvakadaro, chirevo chinoiswa pamusoro pechipiri. Mimwe mienzaniso yeizvi ndeiyi:

• Vhura mavhawero padivi pevhawero rakagadzirwa: media, umlaut, chiito, mumvura;
• Mavhawero maviri akavharwa: makumi maviri nerimwe, Jesuit, aquifer.

Hiatus

Kusiyana neyakapfuura kesi, Izvi zvinomiririra kupatsanurwa kwemavhawero maviri akatevedzana anoumba masirabhi maviri.. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kana vhawero isina simba iine matauriro, diphthong inotyoka, yova mhindo. Mimwe mienzaniso yemusiyano uyu ndeiyi:

• Chibage, nhetembo.

Chii chinonzi stress mumashoko akasanganiswa?

Mazwi akapfava akabatanidzwa pamwechete

Kana mazwi maviri abatanidzwa pasina hyphen, mitemo yekusimbisa inoshanduka. Semuenzaniso: kana izwi rekutanga riine chirevo uye rikarasikirwa nebasa raro rakasimbiswa, rinobviswa, sezviri muchiitiko chinotsanangurwa pazasi.

• Chegumi + chechinomwe = chekuti nenomwe.

Mazwi akasanganiswa

Kusiyana neyakasiyana yapfuura, pano, temu yega yega inochengeta matauriro ayo epakutanga. Semuenzaniso:

• Physical-kemikari, theoretical-inoshanda.

Adverbs anopera ne "pfungwa"

Adverbs anobva pazvipauro anochengetedza chirevo kana chivakashure chepakutanga chaiva nacho. Kuti uite izvi, zvakakosha kuongorora mazwi anotevera:

• Kurumidza = nekukurumidza;
• Easy = nyore.

Kukanganisa kwakajairika pakushandisa mitemo yekusimbisa

Pasinei nekujeka kwemitemo, kukanganisa kunowanzoitika. Izvi zvinogona kuve nechekuita nehuwandu hwemafomula anoiswa muchiperengo. Kuti udzivise kuvhiringidzika, huchenjeri kuziva zvimwe zve zvinowanzoitika zvikanganiso.

Kuvhiringika mumazwi ane homonymous

• Shandisa "wangu" pane "ini" kana "de" pane kuti "kupa."

Kukanganwa kusimbisa diphthongs kana hiatuses

• Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika muzviitiko zvakadai se "Raúl" kana "nyika."

Kusaziva mashoko sobresdrújulas

• Hazvizivikanwe kuti vanogara vaine matauriro.

Mazano ekupedzisira ekuziva accentuation

Dzidzira nguva dzose

Kuverenga nekunyora kunowanzosimbisa kurangarira kwemazwi emazwi akanyorwa.

Tarisa mumaduramazwi

Kana paine kusahadzika, zvinokwanisika kutendeukira kune akavimbika masosi akadai seDictionary yeRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE).

Shandisa maturusi edhijitari

Spell checkers panharembozha kana maapplication anogona kubatsira kuona zvikanganiso.

Dzidza kunze

Chekupedzisira, zvinodikanwa kujairana neakakosha kesi senge diacritical accents uye hiatus.

Iko kushanduka kwekusimbisa muSpanish

Nokufamba kwenguva, mitemo yekusimbisa yakadzokororwa neRAE. Semuenzaniso, muna 2010 matauriro akabviswa mumashoko akadai se "solo" - kana akaenzana chete - uye chirevo chekuratidzira "izvi", "izvo" uye "izvo", kunze kwezviitiko zvisina kujeka. Kunyange zvazvo kurudziro idzi dziri dzesarudzo, dzinoratidza kushanduka uye kurerutsa kwemutauro.

Mitemo yekusimbisa ndiyo mbiru yakakosha yeSpanish. Kushandiswa kwaro kwakarurama hakungofambisi kutaurirana chete, asiwo kunoratidza kurongeka uye ruzivo rwemutauro. Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sezvakaoma pakutanga, Kudzidza nguva dzose uye kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvakakodzera zvinogona kuita kuti munhu ave nyanzvi.