Nhetembo naFrancisco de Quevedo
Francisco de Quevedo aive anokudzwa wechiSpanish, munyori, munyori wemitambo, mudetembi uye wezvematongerwo enyika weGoridhe Age Pamwe chete nemufundisi Luis de Góngora - waakaramba achivengana naye kwehupenyu hwose - anoonekwa seimwe yezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa. Ivhu reSpain. Pamusoro pemhando yenziyo, munyori akabudirira kupinda mune zvese rondedzero uye yemitambo.
Quevedo akaitawo mipiro mikuru munzvimbo dzakadai seUzivi uye zvinyorwa zvinosetsa. Kune rimwe divi, akagamuchira mazita ekuti knight of the Order of Santiago kubva muna 1618 uye ishe weTorre de Juan Abad kubva muna 1620, izvo zvakaita kuti awedzere ruremekedzo kubva kunyika yake. Muchinyorwa chino tichataura nezvehupenyu hwemunyori, pamwe nekukosha kwebasa rake.
Short biography
Makore ekutanga
Francisco Gómez de Quevedo Villegas y Santibáñez Cevallos akaberekwa musi waGunyana 14, 1580 muMadrid. Akakurira mumhuri yevakuru kubva kumusha weVejorís, mumakomo eCantabria.. Kubva achiri mudiki aive nedambudziko rekurapa, sekuremara uye myopia yakakomba. Sezvo vabereki vake nevachengeti vaiva nezvinzvimbo zvepamusoro muPalace, uye vamwe vana vaimunetsa, Francisco muduku akazvipa amene pakuverenga.
Uyewo kubva paudiki hwake aifanira kutarisana nerufu. Akatanga kubuda ndibaba vake achiteverwa nemukoma wake. Nehungwaru hwekare, Quevedo akaendeswa kunodzidza payainzi panguva iyoyo Colegio de San Pedro. uye Mutsvene Pauro. Ikoko akadzidza mitauro yechinyakare kubva kumaJesuit, pamwe neFrench, Italian, philosophy, physics, masvomhu uye theology-yekupedzisira paYunivhesiti yeAlcalá.
Yunivhesiti nhanho uye kutanga kwechifananidzo
Pakati pa1601 na1605 akadzidza paYunivhesiti yeValladolid, kwavakasangana. nhetembo dzake dzekutanga, dzakatevedzera-chaizvo, dzakadhinda-iya dzemukwikwidzi wake Luis de Góngora.. Chinofadza ndechokuti uhwu hukama hwakashata hwakapfuurira kusvikira parufu rwomurume wokuCórdoba, uye hazvizivikanwi kana, kutaura idi, kurwa kwakavamba pamusoro pedetembo rakanga risina kunyange kunyorwa naQuevedo, asi nomunyengeri.
Iva sezvazvingaita, Nharo dzavo dzenhetembo dzakawedzera mbiri yevose, kuwana vateveri nevadzivisi mumabasa avo akasiyana. Sezvineiwo, bhuku rekutanga raQuevedo rakaitika muna 1605, apo gumi nesere ezvinyorwa zvake zvakabuda muvhoriyamu ine musoro. Maruva evadetembi vane mbiri. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, nhaka yake yakawedzera kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1645.
Mabhuku naFrancisco de Quevedo
Nekuda kwekukakavadzana uye kuongororwa kwepanguva iyoyo, vazhinji ve mabasa aFrancisco de Quevedo akabudiswa mushure mekufa kana kuti pasi pemamwe mazita. Naizvozvo, mazita nemazuva anoratidzwa pazasi anogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana neshanduro uye nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwenyanzvi.
Nhetembo
- Chikamu chekutanga chemaruva evadetembi vane mbiri vekuSpain (1605);
- Bhuku renziyo reAntequera uye Bhuku reNziyo (1628);
- Iyo Spanish Parnassus, gomo rakakamurwa kuita nhongonya mbiri, ine mapfumbamwe Muses (1648);
- Iwo Matatu Ekupedzisira Castilian Muses. Musangano wechipiri weSpanish Parnassus… (1670);
- Misodzi yemunhu anopfidza (1670).
Prose
Zviroto nekutaura (1606-1623)
- Kurota kweKutonga Kwekupedzisira;
- Sheriff wedhimoni;
- Hope yeGehena;
- Nyika mukati;
- Kurota Kwerufu.
Kufungidzira kwetsika
- Matauriro emadhimoni ese kana gehena rakagadziridzwa (1628);
- Wese nguva uye Fortune nehuropi.
vamwe
- Matauriro emadhimoni ese kana gehena rakagadziridzwa (1628);
- Nhoroondo yehupenyu hweBuscón inonzi Don Pablos; muenzaniso wevanodzungaira uye girazi rekunyima (1626).
Festive works
Bureaucratic satires
- Prematic uye tariffs, yakagadzirwa nevakatendeka vezvifeve;
- Mazano ekuchengetedza nhunzi uye kushandisa prose;
- Prematic yenguva;
- Zvibvumirano zvewanano;
- Capitulations ehupenyu hweDare.
- Tsamba kubva ku Knight of the Pincer (1625);
- Bhuku rezvinhu zvose nezvimwe zvakawanda;
- Inoumbwa nevakadzidza uye vane ruzivo muzvinhu zvose;
- Mudzidzisi akaipa chete;
- Zvakanangidzirwa pakuda kuziva kwevanobatikana, mhomho yevatauri, uye kubvunza chembere.;
- Kutenda nenhamo kubva muziso rembongoro. Kabhuku kaJocular pamusoro pemafaro uye zvirwere zvine chekuita nenhengo yakadai.
Theater
Comedy
- Panofanira kuva pachivande sei.
Hors d'oeuvres
- Barbara;
- Diego Moreno;
- The old Muñatones;
- Ndinovashatirisa;
- The sale;
- Unyanzvi;
- The Madrid Moth;
- Murume wemweya;
- The Marion;
- The Knight of the Pincer;
- Mukomana naPeralvillo vanobva kuMadrid;
- Hembe dzekare;
- Mashoko emudhara anegodo.
Zvematongerwo enyika mabasa
- Spain yakadzivirira (1609);
- Policy yaMwari (1617);
- Nyika yakapera uye ravings yezera (1621);
- Yakakura yemazuva gumi nemashanu anals (1621);
- Chirangaridzo chekutsigira kweSantiago (1627);
- Italian lynx uye Spanish dowser (1628);
- The chiton of the stonechats (1630);
- Kutongerwa vaJudha (1633);
- Tsamba kune akadzikama kwazvo, akareba kwazvo uye ane simba kwazvo Louis XIII, mambo wechiKristu weFrance (1635);
- Muchidimbu mubatanidzwa wemasevhisi aFrancisco Gómez de Sandoval, Duke weLerma (1636);
- Hupenyu hwaMarcus Brutus (1644).
Nezve nhetembo yaFrancisco de Quevedo
Sezvineiwo, mazhinji ekugadzirwa kwenhetembo kwaDon Francisco kune satirical. Zvisinei, Abbe José Marchena akapokana kuti satires yake yakanga isina kutungamirwa. Kunyange zvazvo munyori ainyatsoziva zvikonzero zvechokwadi zvekuderera kwevanhu, kwaari kutsoropodza kwaive kwakakosha kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho.
Pane kuti ataure zvaanopomerwa pamusoro pevakuru, anoita izvi achitsigira vepasi. Izvi zvakasiyana nezvakagadzirwa, semuenzaniso, naTassis y Peralta, yechipiri kuverenga kwaVillamediana, aive mumwe satirist mukuru wenguva iyoyo. Chirevo ichi chinoshanda kuti tinzwisise mamiriro eiyo Quevedo's baroque conceptism, pamwe nekushandisa kwake rhetorical manhamba uye kushungurudzwa kweamphibology.
Best nhetembo naFrancisco de Quevedo
"Rudo rwenguva dzose kupfuura rufu"
Vhara maziso angu ekupedzisira
mumvuri kuti zuva jena richanditora;
uye ndinogona kusunungura mweya wangu uyu
nguva yezvido zvake zvekuzvidya mwoyo kubata kumeso;
asi kwete kubva kune imwe nzvimbo iri kumahombekombe
ichasiya chirangaridzo, payakatsva;
kushambira kunoziva murazvo wangu mvura inotonhora,
Uye kurasikirwa nekuremekedza mutemo wakakomba.
Mweya kwaari Mwari anga ari mutorongo.
mitsetse inosekesa kune yakawanda moto yakapa,
marble akapisa zvine mbiri,
muviri wako uchasiya, kwete hanya yako;
vachava madota, asi vachafunga;
Vachave guruva, guruva rakawanda murudo.
kuongorora kupfupi
"Rudo rwenguva dzose kupfuura rufu" Inzwi rerudo iro, kufanana nezvakawanda zvezvinyorwa zveQuevedo, rinoratidzirawo kusafa kwemweya. uye rudo. Chimiro chayo chinoumbwa nemavhesi gumi nemana ehendecasyllabic akagoverwa mumakota maviri uye maviri tercets ane rhyme yemakonzonendi. Sezviwanikwa, anoshandisa dimikira, antithesis, munhu, hyperbaton uye gangaidzo.
"Kune mukadzi ane maziso uye akanaka"
Kana vakangotarisa chikamu chimwe chete
Meso ako haangatsvi nechikamu chipi?
Uye kana vasina kutarisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana,
Kuvira kwezuva kana kuti Mabvazuva kuchatonhora.
Kutarisa kubhuroka nekuruboshwe itsotsi;
zviedza zvako zvokuruboshwe zvinozvizivisa.
nokuti vanotipfura nechinangwa chinonyengera
chiedza chinonakidza, chinotapira uye chinopisa.
Zvavasingatarise vanozviona, uye vakapambwa
yavo kuna vose vanovaona, nokukunda kwavo
Inopa mweya mibayiro yakawanda sezvainopa hasha.
Ndeupi mutemo, zvino, unogona kufambisa mutongi akaipa
nokuti meso ose ari madzimambo,
waizviti zviso zvemeso?
kuongorora kupfupi
Nhetembo iyi inoumbwa nemaquatrains matatu uye maviri ekupedzisira, achitevera maumbirwo echinyakare sonnet. Mavhesi acho ndeehendecasyllables ane rhyme yemakonzonendi. Kuti ataure nezve simba rechitarisiko, munyori anoshandisa zviwanikwa zvakaita segangaidzo uye kupokana. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete, uye nekuseka kukuru, inotarisa kune rudzi rwekutsoropodza kwevanhu uye kukanganisa kwerunako parudo.
"Ndakatarisa madziro enyika yangu"
Ndakatarisa kumadziro enyika yangu,
kana nguva yakasimba, yatopunzika,
kubva kurudzi rwezera rakaneta,
uyo ushingi hwake hunopera.
Buda kumunda; Ndakaona zuva rave kunwa
hova dzechando dzakayerera,
uye kubva kumakomo ane makomo mombe,
vaiba chiedza chayo kubva masikati nemimvuri.
Ndakapinda mumba mangu; Ndakaona kuti,
yekamuri rekare raive zvakapambwa;
tsvimbo yangu, yakakombama uye isina kusimba.
Kukundwa nezera ndakanzwa munondo wangu,
uye ndakashaya chokuisa maziso angu pachiri
kuti kwaive kusiri kuyeuka kwerufu.
kuongorora kupfupi
Detembo iri raQuevedo rine maumbirwo akafanana nembiri dzapfuura. Musiyano chaiwo pano uri mukati shinda yedingindira, inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekushuvira nyika yakarasika kana ine bhonzo. Paaitaura nezvekudzikira kwese uye kwakabatana, munyori anodaidzira kutenderera kwehupenyu uye kuvepo kwerufu kuburikidza nezvimwe zvaanofarira zvekutaura zviwanikwa (dimikira, hyperbaton, munhu...).
"Kwanga kuri kurota nezuro"
Chaive chiroto nezuro, mangwana chichava ivhu.
Nguva pfupi isati yapera, uye chinguva chipfupi!
Uye magumo ekuda, uye ini ndinofungidzira
ingonongedzera kufenzi inondivhara!
Hondo pfupi yehondo yekunze,
mukuzvidzivirira kwangu, ndiri njodzi huru,
uye pandinenge ndine zvombo zvangu ndinozvidya,
zvishoma muviri unoviga ini unondigarisa.
Haachisiri zuro, mangwana haasati asvika;
nhasi zvinoitika uye zviripo uye zvaive, nekufamba
zvinonditungamirira kurufu.
Mapadza inguva nenguva
kuti pamubhadharo wekurwadziwa kwangu nekutarisirwa kwangu
vanochera mandiri kuti ndigare shongwe yangu.
kuongorora kupfupi
Kutevera chimiro chakafanana chambotaurwa, munyori anotanga kufungisisa nezvenguva pfupi iyo munhu anobvumirwa kuva pasi pano. Saizvozvovo, inogadzira dimikira rakadzama pamusoro pekusakosha kwemunhu pamberi penyika uye hupenyu sehondo isina maturo: muenzaniso wekushaya tariro ungave wakabatana nengano yeSisyphus.