zvinyorwa zvenhetembo
Nhetembo ndeimwe yehunyanzvi hwekare uye hwepasi rose. Kubva panguva yekare yakashanda senzira yekuratidza manzwiro, kufungisisa pamusoro pekuvapo uye kutora runako rwenyika. Chimwe chinonyanyo siyanisa hunhu hwenhetembo kushandisa kwayo zviwanikwa zvekunyora, zvinyorero nemitauro zvinopfumisa chinyorwa nekuchipa kudzika, mimhanzi uye chirevo.
Izvi zviwanikwa zvakakosha kushandura mazwi kuita mifananidzo yakajeka, manzwiro makuru nenziyo dzinoenderana nemuverengi. Kuburikidza nechinyorwa chino tichaongorora zviwanikwa zvezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kushandiswa munhetembo, uye zvakachishandura kuita hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana, zvichipa runako rwacho nesimba rainaro rekuburitsa manzwiro.
Main zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvenhetembo
Dimikira: musimboti wemutauro wenhetembo
Dimikira ndiro chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya zviratidzo zve nhetembo. Zvinosanganisira kuendesa zvinoreva izwi rimwe kana kutaura kune rimwe, kutanga hukama hwakajeka pakati pavo. Izvi zvinoita kuti mudetembi ataure zvisina kunanga uye achinyevenutsa, achigadzira mifananidzo inomutsa kudzika kwemanzwiro. Nekusatsanangura zvakananga, inokoka muverengi kuti adudzire, achibvumira kuverenga kwakawanda uye kubatana kwemunhu nechinyorwa.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "The Wait", naJorge Luis Borges:
Bhero rekukasira risati rarira
wovhura gonhi wopinda, oh mira
nokuda kwokufunganya, muchadenga chadaro
pane kuita chisingaperi
nhevedzano yezviito zvakananga. hapana anogona
verenga kuti vertigo, mufananidzo
zvezvionioni zvinowanza,
yemimvuri inorebesa ichidzoka,
yematanho anosiyana uye anobatana.
Jecha raishaya kuti odziverenga sei.
(Muchipfuva changu, wachi yeropa inoyera
nguva inotyisa yekumirira).
Kuongorora kupfupi kwedimikira
Mu "The Wait", Borges anoshandisa dimikira rakachena rinobatanidza mwoyo newachi yeropa, kubatanidza kurova kwenhengo nekumaka kwechinhu.
Kufananidzira: kuenzanisa kwakajeka
Kusiyana nedimikira, Simime inogadza kuenzanisa kwakananga pakati pezvinhu zviviri, kazhinji uchishandisa mazwi sekuti "zvinoita", "zvakafanana" kana "se". Ichi chinyorwa chinobatsira kujekesa mifananidzo uye manzwiro, kufambisa kunzwisisa kwemuverengi.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "Ndichaparadzira mabasa angu nebhekoni kwauri ..." naFrancisco de Quevedo
Ini ndichaparadzira mabasa angu nebhekoni
sei usingandirume, Gongorilla,
imbwa yemagayo eCastile,
nyanzvi mukushora, semukomana munzira (...)
Ongororo pfupi yemufananidzo
Munhetembo iyi, Quevedo anorwisa zvakananga Luis de Gongora, achimuenzanisa nejaya, izvo zvingareva kuti ambotaurwa ane tarenda shomanene rokunyora, uye kuti anoshandisa mashoko akareruka.
Personification: kuita munhu zvisina upenyu
munhu inopa hunhu hwevanhu kuzvinhu, mhuka kana pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki. Ichi chinyorwa chakakosha munhetembo, sezvo chichipinza hupenyu uye kufamba muinert, zvichiita kuti muverengi azvione kubva pakuona kwepedyo uye zvakanyanya.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "Nyika yezuva", naRubén Darío
Pedyo nemuzinda mutema wamambo wechitsuwa cheSimbi—(Haiwa, ane utsinye, anotyisa, anodzingwa!)— Zviri sei izvozvo
iwe, hanzvadzi inowirirana, ita kuti denga jena riimbe, aviary yako yenightingales, bhokisi rako remimhanzi rinotyisa?
Hazvikuchemedze here kurangarira chisipiti wanzwa shiri yehumwari nerutimu
munyika yezuva?
Kuongorora kupfupi kwemunhu
Mu "Nyika yeZuva", Rubén Darío anoreva mumwe munhu, netsinhirano yomukati yokuva kwake, inokwanisa kuita kuti denga jena riimbe, iyo isingaonekwi chete sechinhu chisingaoneki, asi inomiririra melancholy.
Alliteration: mimhanzi yemashoko
Sangwena ndiko kudzokororwa kwemanzwi emakonzonendi pakutanga kana mukati memazwi., kugadzira rhythmic kana mimhanzi. Mudziyo uyu unobata pfungwa dzemuverengi uye unosimbisa mamiriro enhetembo.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "Kisses", naGabriela Mistral
Kune kutsvoda kwavanotaura ivo pachavo
mutongo werudo wekupa mhosva,
kune kutsvoda kunopihwa nekutaridzika
kune kutsvoda kunopihwa nendangariro.
Kune kutsvoda chinyararire, kutsvoda kwakanaka
kune enigmatic kutsvoda, kwechokwadi
kune kutsvoda kunopa mweya chete
Kune kutsvoda kunorambidzwa, chaiko.
Alliteration Analysis
Kuburikidza nenhetembo iyi yaMistral zvinokwanisika kuona kuti mazwi nemanzwi zvinodzokororwa nekusanganiswa sei. Kunyanya, munyori anogadzira mutambo nekuridza muridzo, kushandisa s kushandura basa rake kuita ethereal uye chizevezeve.
Anaphora: kudzokorora kusimbisa manzwiro
Anaphora ndiko kudzokororwa kweshoko rimwe kana akawanda pakutanga kwendima dzinotevedzana kana mitsara. Chitubu ichi chinoburitsa mhedzisiro yekusimbirira uye chinosimbisa pfungwa huru, ichibatanidza muverengi mumutinhiro wenhetembo.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "Romance de la luna, luna", naFederico García Lorca
Mwedzi wakasvika pakuumba
Nekupopota kwake
Mukomana anomutarisa, anotarisa
Mukomana ari kumutarisa.
Kuongorora kupfupi kweanaphora
Mu "Romance yemwedzi, mwedzi", Lorca anoshandisa mazwi okuti "mwana" uye "tarisa" kupa mutinhimira kubasa rake, asiwo kuratidza chiito chakakosha kumunyori.
Hyperbole: kuwedzeredza kufamba
hyperbole Inosanganisira kuwedzeredza pfungwa kana manzwiro kusimbisa kusimba kwayo. Iri sosi rinowedzera dhirama uye rinogona kushandiswa zvese kuratidza manzwiro akanyanyisa uye kugadzira komiki maitiro.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "Mazita Akawandisa" naPablo Neruda
Chitubu chakareba
iyo inopedza nguva yechando yose.
nguva yakarasa shangu dzayo:
Gore rine mazana mana emakore.
Kuongorora kupfupi kwe hyperbole
Mu "Mazita Akawandisa," Neruda inowedzeredza urefu hwenguva yemwaka, kugadzira musanganiswa weumwe neumwe kuratidza kusanzwisisika nguva dzekunzwa kurwadziwa kunogona kuve.
Sensory mifananidzo: activate the senses
Mifananidzo inonzwa inokwezva pfungwa shanu: kuona, kunzwa, kubata, kuravira uye kunhuwidza.. Chinyorwa ichi chinoita kuti muverengi asangane nenhetembo nenzira yakanyura, sekunge dziri mukati mayo.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "Poetic Art", naJaime Gil de Biedma
Nostalgia yezuva pamatenga edzimba,
pamadziro esimende ane ruvara rwenjiva
-asi zvakajeka - uye kutonhora
kamwe-kamwe zvinopotsa zvakurisa.
Ongororo pfupi yemufananidzo wekunzwa
Kugadzira manzwiro ekuora mwoyo, Munyori anoshandisa mufananidzo unooneka — wezuva pamatenga edzimba, pamadziro esimende ane ruvara rwenjiva— uye imwe inobata-bata—kutonhora kunongoerekana kwaitika kunoda kukurira.
Paradox: iyo isingagoneke yakagadzirwa nhetembo
Paradoksi inounza pamwechete pfungwa dzakapesana kana kupokana mumutsara mumwechete, zvichigadzira mhedzisiro yekukatyamadza uye kufungisisa. Mudziyo uyu unoshora pfungwa uye unomanikidza muverengi kuwana chirevo chakadzama.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "Munhu", naBlas de Otero
Uku kuve murume: horror yakazara.
Kuve—uye kusave—nekusingaperi, mupoteri.
Ngirozi ine mapapiro makuru ngetani!
Kuongorora kupfupi kwegangaidzo
Vhesi rekupedzisira re "Hombre" naBlas de Otero-kunyanya mutsara wekupedzisira-inosanganiswa negangaidzo. Ko ngirozi, iri yehumwari uye yengano pachisikirwo, ingave nemapapiro makuru anove ngetani? Izvi zvinoreva muganhu wakatemerwa chisikwa chinozvarwa kuti chisununguke.
Enjambment: kuenderera mberi kwevhesi
Enjambment inoitika kana mutsara kana pfungwa haipereri mundima imwe chete, asi inoenderera mberi mune inotevera. Iri sosi rinotyora rhythm yechinyakare, zvichigadzira mhedzisiro yekuyerera kana kukurumidza.
Muenzaniso: chidimbu che "Ode XII Qué vale quanto vee", naFray Luis de León
Yakanaka segnudosa
holm oak, pamawere akakwirira, ane polared
nedemo rine simba
yekubvaruka
yesimbi, anova mupfumi uye anoshanda nesimba…
Kuongorora kupfupi kwe enjambment
Heino pfuma Zviri pachena kuti inoratidzwa mumashoko okuti "carrasca" uye "del iron", izvo zvinotora nzvimbo yavo pamutsetse wekumashure, pachinzvimbo chekuiswa padivi pe "grubby" uye "kudzingwa", zvichiteerana.
Oxymoron: mubatanidzwa wevanopesana
iyo oxymoron Ichi chifananidzo chinobatanidza mazwi maviri anopokana, achigadzira kutaura kutsva.
Muenzaniso: "Kupisa chando, moto wakaoma...", naFrancisco de Quevedo
Riri kupisa aizi, moto wakaoma
ironda rinorwadza risinganzwiki.
chinhu chakanaka chakarotwa, chipo chakaipa,
inguva pfupi inonetesa.
Kutarisa kunotipa hanya,
mbwende ine zita rakashinga.
kufamba kwakasurukirwa pakati pavanhu.
rudo chete kudiwa.
Rusununguko rwakasungwa
iyo inogara kusvika paroxysm yekupedzisira;
chirwere chinokura kana chikarapwa.
Uyu ndiye mwana Rudo, ndiro gomba rake.
Tarisai hushamwari hwaachaita pasina
iye anopesana naye pachinhu chose!
Kuongorora kupfupi kweiyo oxymoron
"Iri kupisa aizi, moto unopisa ...", kunyanya, ioxymoron pachayo. Nhetembo yose inoumbwa nekupokana, pfungwa dzinopesana dzinoti kana dzabatanidzwa, dzinoumba manzwiro akasiyana mumuverengi.
The alchemy yemashoko
Midziyo yezvinyorwa mweya wenhetembo. Ndivo midziyo iyo vanadetembi vanovaka nayo nyika, vanoshandura manzwiro uye vanotikoka kuti tiongorore zvakadzika zvechiitiko chemunhu. Chitubu chega chega, kubva padimikira kusvika pakunamirana, chine basa chairo mukusika zvirevo, mutinhimira nemhepo.
Kupfuma kwenhetembo hakungori mumashoko anoiumba chete, asi kuti anopindirana sei. uye kuwana hupenyu kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvekunyora. Sevaverengi, kunzwisisa uye kukoshesa zvinhu izvi kunotibvumira kuti tibatane zvakanyanya nebasa uye vanyori, sezvo nhetembo, pakupedzisira, girazi remweya.